Pupovac Vanja, Prijić-Samaržija Snježana, Petrovečki Mladen
Department of Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Brace Branchetta 20, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia.
Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Rijeka, Sveučilišna avenija 4, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia.
Sci Eng Ethics. 2017 Feb;23(1):165-181. doi: 10.1007/s11948-016-9767-0. Epub 2016 Mar 3.
The prevalence and characteristics of research misconduct have mainly been studied in highly developed countries. In moderately or poorly developed countries such as Croatia, data on research misconduct are scarce. The primary aim of this study was to determine the rates at which scientists report committing or observing the most serious forms of research misconduct, such as falsification , fabrication, plagiarism, and violation of authorship rules in the Croatian scientific community. Additionally, we sought to determine the degree of development and the extent of implementation of the system for defining and regulating research misconduct in a typical scientific community in Croatia. An anonymous questionnaire was distributed among 1232 Croatian scientists at the University of Rijeka in 2012/2013 and 237 (19.2 %) returned the survey. Based on the respondents who admitted having committed research misconduct, 9 (3.8 %) admitted to plagiarism, 22 (9.3 %) to data falsification, 9 (3.8 %) to data fabrication, and 60 (25.3 %) respondents admitted to violation of authorship rules. Based on the respondents who admitted having observed research misconduct of fellow scientists, 72 (30.4 %) observed plagiarism, 69 (29.1 %) observed data falsification, 46 (19.4 %) observed data fabrication, and 132 (55.7 %) respondents admitted having observed violation of authorship rules. The results of our study indicate that the efficacy of the system for managing research misconduct in Croatia is poor. At the University of Rijeka there is no document dedicated exclusively to research integrity, describing the values that should be fostered by a scientist and clarifying the forms of research misconduct and what constitutes a questionable research practice. Scientists do not trust ethical bodies and the system for defining and regulating research misconduct; therefore the observed cases of research misconduct are rarely reported. Finally, Croatian scientists are not formally educated about responsible conduct of research at any level of their formal education. All mentioned indicate possible reasons for higher rates of research misconduct among Croatian scientists in comparison with scientists in highly developed countries.
科研不端行为的发生率及特征主要是在高度发达国家开展研究。在克罗地亚等中等或欠发达国家，有关科研不端行为的数据匮乏。本研究的主要目的是确定科学家报告在克罗地亚科学界实施或观察到的最严重科研不端行为（如伪造、编造、抄袭以及违反作者署名规则）的比例。此外，我们试图确定克罗地亚一个典型科学界中界定和规范科研不端行为体系的发展程度及实施范围。2012/2013年，一份匿名问卷在里耶卡大学的1232名克罗地亚科学家当中发放，237人（19.2%）回复了调查。在承认实施过科研不端行为的受访者中，9人（3.8%）承认抄袭，22人（9.3%）承认数据造假，9人（3.8%）承认数据编造，60人（25.3%）承认违反作者署名规则。在承认观察到同行科学家科研不端行为的受访者中，72人（30.4%）观察到抄袭行为，69人（29.1%）观察到数据造假，46人（19.4%）观察到数据编造，132人（55.7%）承认观察到违反作者署名规则。我们的研究结果表明，克罗地亚管理科研不端行为体系的效能不佳。在里耶卡大学，没有专门针对科研诚信的文件，该文件应阐述科学家应秉持的价值观，阐明科研不端行为的形式以及什么构成有问题的研究行为。科学家不信任道德机构以及界定和规范科研不端行为的体系；因此，观察到的科研不端行为案例很少被举报。最后，克罗地亚科学家在其任何正规教育阶段都未接受过关于科研责任行为的正规教育。所有这些都表明了克罗地亚科学家相比高度发达国家科学家科研不端行为发生率更高的可能原因。
