Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center, USA.
Department of Immunology/microbiology, Rush University Medical Center, USA.
Cell Microbiol. 2016 May;18(5):645-51. doi: 10.1111/cmi.12588.
Recent developments in molecular techniques have allowed researchers to identify previously uncultured organisms, which has propelled a vast expansion of our knowledge regarding our commensal microbiota. Interest in the microbiome specific to HIV grew from earlier findings suggesting that bacterial translocation from the intestines is the cause of persistent immune activation despite effective viral suppression with antiretroviral therapy (ART). Studies of SIV infected primates have demonstrated that Proteobacteria preferentially translocate and that mucosal immunity can be restored with probiotics. Pathogenic SIV infection results in a massive expansion of the virome, whereas non-pathogenic SIV infection does not. Human HIV infected cohorts have been shown to have microbiota distinctive from that of HIV negative controls and efforts to restore the intestinal microbiome via probiotics have often had positive results on host markers. The microbiota of the genital tract may play a significant role in acquisition and transmission of HIV. Modification of commensal microbial communities likely represents an important therapeutic adjunct to treatment of HIV. Here we review the literature regarding human microbiome in HIV infection.
近年来，分子技术的发展使研究人员能够鉴定以前无法培养的生物体，这极大地扩展了我们对共生微生物组的认识。人们对 HIV 相关微生物组的兴趣源于早期的发现，即尽管抗逆转录病毒疗法（ART）有效抑制了病毒，但细菌从肠道转移是持续免疫激活的原因。感染 SIV 的灵长类动物研究表明，变形菌优先转移，而粘膜免疫可以通过益生菌恢复。致病性 SIV 感染导致病毒组的大规模扩张，而非致病性 SIV 感染则不会。已经表明，人类 HIV 感染队列的微生物组与 HIV 阴性对照组不同，并且通过益生菌恢复肠道微生物组的努力通常对宿主标志物产生积极影响。生殖道微生物组可能在 HIV 的获得和传播中起重要作用。共生微生物群落的修饰可能是治疗 HIV 的重要辅助治疗方法。在这里，我们回顾了 HIV 感染相关的人类微生物组文献。
