Roth Mara Y, Amory John K
Department of Medicine, Center for Research in Reproduction and Contraception, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
Semin Reprod Med. 2016 May;34(3):183-90. doi: 10.1055/s-0036-1571435. Epub 2016 Mar 4.
Nearly half of all pregnancies worldwide are unplanned, despite numerous contraceptive options available. No new contraceptive method has been developed for men since the invention of condom. Nevertheless, more than 25% of contraception worldwide relies on male methods. Therefore, novel effective methods of male contraception are of interest. Herein we review the physiologic basis for both male hormonal and nonhormonal methods of contraception. We review the history of male hormonal contraception development, current hormonal agents in development, as well as the potential risks and benefits of male hormonal contraception options for men. Nonhormonal methods reviewed will include both pharmacological and mechanical approaches in development, with specific focus on methods which inhibit the testicular retinoic acid synthesis and action. Multiple hormonal and nonhormonal methods of male contraception are in the drug development pathway, with the hope that a reversible, reliable, safe method of male contraception will be available to couples in the not too distant future.
尽管全球有众多避孕选择，但全球近一半的怀孕是意外怀孕。自避孕套发明以来，尚未开发出针对男性的新避孕方法。然而，全球超过25%的避孕依赖男性避孕方法。因此，新型有效的男性避孕方法备受关注。在此，我们综述男性激素和非激素避孕方法的生理基础。我们回顾男性激素避孕发展的历史、目前正在研发的激素制剂，以及男性激素避孕方法对男性的潜在风险和益处。所综述的非激素方法将包括正在研发的药理学和机械方法，特别关注抑制睾丸视黄酸合成和作用的方法。多种男性激素和非激素避孕方法正处于药物研发阶段，希望在不久的将来能为夫妇提供一种可逆、可靠、安全的男性避孕方法。
