Department of Psychology,Grand Valley State University,Allendale,MI
Behav Brain Sci. 2016 Jan;39:e13. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X15000436.
Big Gods are described as having a "prosocial" effect. However, this conflates parochialism (group cohesion) with cooperation extended to strangers or out-group members. An examination of the cited experimental studies indicates that religion is actually associated with increased within-group parochialism, rather than extended or universal prosociality, and that the same general mechanisms underlie both religious and secular effects.
大神被描述为具有“亲社会”效应。然而，这种说法将排外主义（群体凝聚力）与扩展到陌生人或外群体成员的合作混为一谈。对引用的实验研究的考察表明，宗教实际上与群体内的排外主义增强有关，而不是扩展或普遍的亲社会行为，而且宗教和世俗影响的背后存在着相同的一般机制。
