1University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2013 Nov;39(11):1471-83. doi: 10.1177/0146167213499937. Epub 2013 Aug 22.
Recent studies have found that activating religious cognition by priming techniques can enhance prosocial behavior, arguably because religious concepts carry prosocial associations. But many of these studies have primed multiple concepts simultaneously related to the sacred. We argue here that religion and God are distinct concepts that activate distinct associations. In particular, we examine the effect of God and religion on prosociality toward the ingroup and outgroup. In three studies, we found that religion primes enhanced prosociality toward ingroup members, consistent with ingroup affiliation, whereas, God primes enhanced prosociality toward outgroup member, consistent with concerns of moral impression management. Implications for theory and methodology in religious cognition are discussed.
最近的研究发现，通过启动技术激活宗教认知可以增强亲社会行为，这可以说是因为宗教概念带有亲社会的联想。但这些研究中的许多研究都同时启动了与神圣相关的多个概念。我们在这里认为，宗教和上帝是不同的概念，它们会激活不同的联想。特别是，我们考察了上帝和宗教对亲社会行为的影响，包括对内群体和外群体的影响。在三项研究中，我们发现宗教启动会增强对内群体成员的亲社会行为，这与群体归属一致；而上帝启动则会增强对外群体成员的亲社会行为，这与道德印象管理的关注一致。讨论了宗教认知的理论和方法学的影响。
