Tsiouris Vasilios
a Unit of Avian Medicine, Clinic of Farm Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences , Aristotle University , Thessaloniki , Greece.
Avian Pathol. 2016 Jun;45(3):323-5. doi: 10.1080/03079457.2016.1154502.
The intestinal ecosystem of poultry has been inevitably changed as a result of the ban of antimicrobial growth promoters. The re-emergence of necrotic enteritis has been the most significant threat for the poultry industry, which, in clinical form, causes high mortality and in subclinical forms, affects growth and feed conversion. It is one of the most common and economically devastating bacterial diseases in modern broiler flocks in terms of performance, welfare and mortality. Necrotic enteritis is a multi-factorial disease process, in which a number of co-factors are usually required to precipitate an outbreak of the disease. Although, Clostridium perfringens has been identified as the aetiological agent of the disease, the predisposing factors that lead to over-proliferation of C. perfringens and the subsequent progression to disease are poorly understood. Any factor that causes stress in broiler chicks could suppress the immune system and disturb the balance of the intestinal ecosystem, in such a way that the risk of a necrotic enteritis (NE) outbreak increases. Poultry management could significantly affect the pathogenesis of NE. In particular, feed restriction and coccidiosis vaccination can protect against NE, while extreme house temperature, feed mycotoxins and high stocking density predispose to NE. It becomes really important to understand the pathogenesis of the disease, as well as to clarify the interactions between husbandry, nutritional and infectious factors and the outbreak of necrotic enteritis. This is necessary and extremely important in order to develop managerial strategies at the farm level to control the incidence and severity of the disease in the post-antibiotic era.
由于抗菌生长促进剂被禁用，家禽的肠道生态系统不可避免地发生了变化。坏死性肠炎的再度出现对家禽业构成了最重大的威胁，在临床形式下，它会导致高死亡率，而在亚临床形式下，则会影响生长和饲料转化率。就生产性能、福利和死亡率而言，它是现代肉鸡群中最常见且经济损失最大的细菌性疾病之一。坏死性肠炎是一个多因素疾病过程，通常需要多种共同因素才能引发该病的爆发。尽管已确定产气荚膜梭菌是该病的病原体，但导致产气荚膜梭菌过度增殖并随后发展为疾病的诱发因素仍知之甚少。任何导致肉鸡雏鸡应激的因素都可能抑制免疫系统并扰乱肠道生态系统的平衡，从而增加坏死性肠炎（NE）爆发的风险。家禽管理可能会显著影响坏死性肠炎的发病机制。特别是，限饲和球虫病疫苗接种可以预防坏死性肠炎，而极端的鸡舍温度、饲料中的霉菌毒素和高饲养密度则易引发坏死性肠炎。了解该病的发病机制，以及阐明饲养管理、营养和感染因素与坏死性肠炎爆发之间的相互作用变得至关重要。这对于在后抗生素时代制定农场层面的管理策略以控制该病的发病率和严重程度是必要且极其重要的。
