Gao Zaifeng, Yu Shixian, Zhu Chengfeng, Shui Rende, Weng Xuchu, Li Peng, Shen Mowei
Department of Psychology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Department of Psychology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
Sci Rep. 2016 Mar 9;6:22822. doi: 10.1038/srep22822.
Visual working memory (VWM) adopts a specific manner of object-based encoding (OBE) to extract perceptual information: Whenever one feature-dimension is selected for entry into VWM, the others are also extracted. Currently most studies revealing OBE probed an 'irrelevant-change distracting effect', where changes of irrelevant-features dramatically affected the performance of the target feature. However, the existence of irrelevant-feature change may affect participants' processing manner, leading to a false-positive result. The current study conducted a strict examination of OBE in VWM, by probing whether irrelevant-features guided the deployment of attention in visual search. The participants memorized an object's colour yet ignored shape and concurrently performed a visual-search task. They searched for a target line among distractor lines, each embedded within a different object. One object in the search display could match the shape, colour, or both dimensions of the memory item, but this object never contained the target line. Relative to a neutral baseline, where there was no match between the memory and search displays, search time was significantly prolonged in all match conditions, regardless of whether the memory item was displayed for 100 or 1000 ms. These results suggest that task-irrelevant shape was extracted into VWM, supporting OBE in VWM.
视觉工作记忆(VWM)采用一种基于对象的编码(OBE)的特定方式来提取感知信息:每当选择一个特征维度进入VWM时,其他维度也会被提取。目前,大多数揭示OBE的研究探究了一种“无关变化干扰效应”,即无关特征的变化会显著影响目标特征的表现。然而,无关特征变化的存在可能会影响参与者的加工方式,导致假阳性结果。当前的研究通过探究无关特征是否在视觉搜索中引导注意力的分配,对VWM中的OBE进行了严格检验。参与者记住一个物体的颜色但忽略形状,同时执行一项视觉搜索任务。他们在干扰线中搜索目标线,每条干扰线都嵌入在不同的物体中。搜索显示中的一个物体可能与记忆项的形状、颜色或两个维度都匹配,但这个物体从不包含目标线。相对于记忆和搜索显示之间不匹配的中性基线,在所有匹配条件下,搜索时间都显著延长,无论记忆项显示100毫秒还是1000毫秒。这些结果表明,任务无关的形状被提取到了VWM中,支持了VWM中的OBE。