Jaswal Snehlata
Cognitive Science, Department of Psychology, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Ropar, India.
Front Psychol. 2012 Aug 30;3:309. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00309. eCollection 2012.
This review aims at an understanding of the binding process by synthesizing the extant perspectives regarding binding. It begins with a consideration of the biological explanations of binding, viz., conjunctive coding, synchrony, and reentrant mechanisms. Thereafter binding is reviewed as a psychological process guided by top-down signals. The stages and types of binding proposed by various researchers are discussed in this section. The next section introduces Working Memory (WM) as the executive directing the top-down signals. After that it is described how WM works by selecting relevant sensory input, followed by a detailed consideration of the debate regarding objects vs. features with the conclusion that relevance is the key factor determining what is processed. The next section considers other factors affecting the selection of relevant input. Then, we shift focus to describe what happens to irrelevant input - whether it is discarded at the outset or is gradually inhibited, and whether inhibition is a perceptual or post-perceptual process. The concluding section describes the process of binding as currently understood on the basis of the literature included in the review. To summarize, it appears that initially the "object" is conceptualized as an instantaneous bundle of all features. However, only relevant features of stimuli are gradually integrated to form a stable representation of the object. Concomitantly, irrelevant features are removed from the object representations. Empirical evidence suggests that the inhibition of irrelevant features occurs over time and is presumably a process within WM.
本综述旨在通过综合现有的关于捆绑的观点来理解捆绑过程。它首先考虑捆绑的生物学解释，即联合编码、同步和折返机制。此后，捆绑被视为一个由自上而下信号引导的心理过程。本节讨论了不同研究者提出的捆绑阶段和类型。下一节介绍工作记忆（WM）作为引导自上而下信号的执行系统。之后描述了WM如何通过选择相关的感觉输入来工作，随后详细讨论了关于客体与特征的争论，并得出相关性是决定处理内容的关键因素这一结论。下一节考虑影响相关输入选择的其他因素。然后，我们将重点转移到描述不相关输入的情况——它是在一开始就被丢弃还是逐渐被抑制，以及抑制是一个感知过程还是后感知过程。结论部分根据综述中包含的文献描述了目前对捆绑过程的理解。总之，似乎最初“客体”被概念化为所有特征的瞬时集合。然而，只有刺激的相关特征会逐渐整合以形成客体的稳定表征。与此同时，不相关特征会从客体表征中被去除。经验证据表明，对不相关特征的抑制会随着时间的推移而发生，并且大概是工作记忆中的一个过程。
