Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, 40 Boulevard du Pont d'Arve, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2021 Aug;28(4):1093-1111. doi: 10.3758/s13423-021-01881-5. Epub 2021 Mar 17.
Recently, working memory (WM) has been conceptualized as a limited resource, distributed flexibly and strategically between an unlimited number of representations. In addition to improving the precision of representations in WM, the allocation of resources may also shape how these representations act as attentional templates to guide visual search. Here, we reviewed recent evidence in favor of this assumption and proposed three main principles that govern the relationship between WM resources and template-guided visual search. First, the allocation of resources to an attentional template has an effect on visual search, as it may improve the guidance of visual attention, facilitate target recognition, and/or protect the attentional template against interference. Second, the allocation of the largest amount of resources to a representation in WM is not sufficient to give this representation the status of attentional template and thus, the ability to guide visual search. Third, the representation obtaining the status of attentional template, whether at encoding or during maintenance, receives an amount of WM resources proportional to its relevance for visual search. Thus defined, the resource hypothesis of visual search constitutes a parsimonious and powerful framework, which provides new perspectives on previous debates and complements existing models of template-guided visual search.
最近，工作记忆（WM）被概念化为一种有限的资源，可以在无限数量的表示之间灵活和策略性地分配。除了提高 WM 中表示的精度外，资源的分配还可能影响这些表示如何作为注意模板来指导视觉搜索。在这里，我们回顾了支持这一假设的最新证据，并提出了支配 WM 资源和模板引导视觉搜索之间关系的三个主要原则。首先，将资源分配给注意模板会对视觉搜索产生影响，因为它可以改善视觉注意力的引导，促进目标识别，和/或保护注意模板免受干扰。其次，将最大数量的资源分配给 WM 中的表示并不足以赋予该表示注意模板的地位，从而赋予其引导视觉搜索的能力。第三，在编码或维持期间获得注意模板地位的表示会获得与其对视觉搜索的相关性成正比的 WM 资源量。因此，视觉搜索的资源假说构成了一个简洁而强大的框架，为以前的争论提供了新的视角，并补充了现有的模板引导视觉搜索模型。
