Aagestad Cecilie, Tyssen Reidar, Sterud Tom
Department of Occupational Health Surveillance, National Institute of Occupational Health, PO Box 8149 Dep, N-0033, Oslo, Norway.
Department of Behavioral Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1111, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway.
BMC Public Health. 2016 Mar 8;16:235. doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-2908-1.
Doctor -certified sick leave is prevalent in the health and social sector. We examined whether the higher risk of doctor-certified sick leave in women in health and social occupations compared to women in other occupations was explained by particular work-related psychosocial and mechanical risk factors.
A randomly drawn cohort aged 18-69 years from the general population in Norway was surveyed in 2009 (n = 12,255, response at baseline = 60.9 %), and was followed up in the national registry of social transfer payments in 2010. Eligible respondents were women registered with an active employee relationship for ≥100 actual working days in 2009 and 2010 (n = 3032). Using this sample, we compared health and social workers (n = 661) with the general working population (n = 2371). The outcome of interest was long-term sick leave (LTSL) ≥21 working days during 2010. Eight psychosocial and eight mechanical factors were evaluated.
After adjusting for age, previous LTSL, education and working hours/week, women in health and social occupations had a higher risk for LTSL compared with women in the general working population (OR = 1.42, 95 % CI = 1.13-1.79; p = 0.003). After adjusting for psychosocial and mechanical factors, 70 % of the excess risk for LTSL was explained compared with the initial model. The main contributory factors to the increased risk were threats of violence and violence, emotional demands and awkward lifting.
Psychosocial and mechanical factors explained much of the excess risk for LTSL in women in health and social occupations compared with working women in general. Psychosocial risk factors were the most important contributors.
经医生证明的病假在卫生和社会部门很普遍。我们研究了与其他职业的女性相比，卫生和社会职业的女性经医生证明的病假风险较高是否可以由特定的与工作相关的心理社会和机械风险因素来解释。
2009年对从挪威普通人群中随机抽取的18 - 69岁队列进行了调查（n = 12255，基线时的回复率 = 60.9%），并于2010年在国家社会转移支付登记处进行了随访。符合条件的受访者是在2009年和2010年有≥100个实际工作日的在职员工关系的女性（n = 3032）。利用这个样本，我们将卫生和社会工作者（n = 661）与一般工作人群（n = 2371）进行了比较。感兴趣的结果是2010年期间的长期病假（LTSL）≥21个工作日。评估了八个心理社会因素和八个机械因素。
在调整年龄、既往长期病假、教育程度和每周工作小时数后，卫生和社会职业的女性与一般工作人群的女性相比，长期病假风险更高（OR = 1.42，95%CI = 1.13 - 1.79；p = 0.003）。在调整心理社会和机械因素后，与初始模型相比，长期病假的额外风险中有70%得到了解释。风险增加的主要促成因素是暴力威胁和暴力、情感需求以及笨拙的提举动作。
与一般职业女性相比，心理社会和机械因素解释了卫生和社会职业女性长期病假额外风险的大部分。心理社会风险因素是最重要的促成因素。
