Boraczyński Michał, Sozański Henryk
Dev Period Med. 2015 Jul-Sep;19(3 Pt 2):367-74.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the rate of physical development in prepubertal boys in response to training at different loads.
The study involved two groups of soccer players, experimental groups E1 (n = 26, age 10.4 ± 0.6 years) and E2 (n = 27, age 10.3 ± 0.8 years) who were involved in a 12-month soccer training program, and a control group (C) of age-matched untrained boys (n = 22). The training protocol of E1 involved a greater share of coordination-based exercises, in E2 more focus was placed on conditioning fitness and strength. Body height, mass, fat percentage, and body mass index were measured pre-, peri-, and post-training. Chronological and developmental age were used to calculate a Biological State Maturity Index (BSMI).
Between-group differences were observed in body fat percentage, which was higher in the control group by 6.8% at post-training compared with E1 (p < 0.05). E1 showed the most congruence between chronological and developmental age. Developmental age was most retarded in E2 by an average of 4.3 months. Greatest between-group differences were observed in E1 and the control group for the BSMI of body height (49.9%) at pre-training. BSMI of height and mass in the control group were different (p < 0.01) from both experimental groups at pre-, peri-, and post-training.
本研究旨在评估青春期前男孩在不同负荷训练下的身体发育速率。
本研究涉及两组足球运动员，实验组E1（n = 26，年龄10.4±0.6岁）和E2（n = 27，年龄10.3±0.8岁），他们参与了为期12个月的足球训练计划，以及一组年龄匹配的未训练男孩作为对照组（C，n = 22）。E1组的训练方案包含更大比例的协调性练习，E2组则更侧重于体能和力量训练。在训练前、训练期间和训练后测量身高、体重、脂肪百分比和体重指数。使用实际年龄和发育年龄来计算生物状态成熟指数（BSMI）。
观察到组间在体脂百分比上存在差异，训练后对照组的体脂百分比比E1组高6.8%（p < 0.05）。E1组的实际年龄与发育年龄最为一致。E2组的发育年龄平均滞后最多，为4.3个月。训练前，E1组与对照组在身高的BSMI方面观察到最大的组间差异（49.9%）。在训练前、训练期间和训练后，对照组身高和体重的BSMI与两个实验组均不同（p < 0.01）。
