McCulloh Russell J, Patel Karisma
Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Mercy Hospital, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.
Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.
Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2016 May;18(5):14. doi: 10.1007/s11908-016-0521-1.
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the most common acute infectious cause of death in children worldwide. Consequently, research into the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of pediatric CAP spans the translational research spectrum. Herein, we aim to review the most significant findings reported by investigators focused on pediatric CAP research that has been reported in 2014 and 2015. Our review focuses on several key areas relevant to the clinical management of CAP. First, we will review recent advances in the understanding of CAP epidemiology worldwide, including the role of vaccination in the prevention of pediatric CAP. We also report on the expanding role of existing and emerging diagnostic technologies in CAP classification and management, as well as advances in optimizing antimicrobial use. Finally, we will review CAP management from the policy and future endeavors standpoint, including the influence of clinical practice guidelines on clinician management and patient outcomes, and future potential research directions that are in the early stages of investigation.
社区获得性肺炎（CAP）是全球儿童最常见的急性感染性死亡原因。因此，对儿童CAP的流行病学、诊断、治疗和预防的研究涵盖了转化研究领域。在此，我们旨在回顾2014年和2015年报道的专注于儿童CAP研究的调查人员所报告的最重要发现。我们的综述聚焦于与CAP临床管理相关的几个关键领域。首先，我们将回顾全球对CAP流行病学认识的最新进展，包括疫苗接种在预防儿童CAP中的作用。我们还报告现有和新兴诊断技术在CAP分类和管理中的作用不断扩大，以及优化抗菌药物使用方面的进展。最后，我们将从政策和未来努力的角度回顾CAP管理，包括临床实践指南对临床医生管理和患者结局的影响，以及尚处于早期研究阶段的未来潜在研究方向。
