Taylor H R
Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.
Aust N Z J Ophthalmol. 1989 Nov;17(4):435-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.1989.tb00567.x.
Ivermectin is a recently developed macrocyclic lactone that has widespread antiparasitic activity. A series of clinical trials has shown that ivermectin is safe and effective in the treatment of human infection with Onchocerca volvulus. Although it is rapidly microfilaricidal, it does not cause a severe reaction as is seen with diethylcarbamazine treatment. The drug also temporarily interrupts production of microfilaria but has no known long-lasting effects on the adult worms. In patients with onchocerciasis, a single oral dose of ivermectin (150 micrograms/kg) repeated once a year leads to a marked reduction in skin microfilaria counts and ocular involvement. At this dose, ivermectin causes minimal side effects and appears to be sufficiently free of severe adverse reactions to be used on a mass scale. Its use promises to revolutionise the treatment of onchocerciasis.
伊维菌素是一种最近开发的大环内酯类药物，具有广泛的抗寄生虫活性。一系列临床试验表明，伊维菌素治疗人体盘尾丝虫感染安全有效。虽然它能迅速杀灭微丝蚴，但不会像乙胺嗪治疗那样引起严重反应。该药物还能暂时中断微丝蚴的产生，但对成虫尚无已知的长期影响。对于盘尾丝虫病患者，每年口服一次伊维菌素（150微克/千克）并重复给药一次，可使皮肤微丝蚴计数和眼部受累情况显著减少。在此剂量下，伊维菌素引起的副作用极小，似乎基本没有严重不良反应，可大规模使用。其应用有望彻底改变盘尾丝虫病的治疗方法。
