Veenstra J A
Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 1989 Nov;64(4):305-16. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-185x.1989.tb00678.x.
Since trehalose in insects, in contrast to glucose in mammals, does not enter the haemolymph directly from the digestive tract, but is all synthesized by the insect itself, and furthermore an increased trehalose synthesis during stress and flight does not lead to significant increases in haemolymph trehalose, there seems to be no physiological need for an insect homeostatic hypotrehalosaemic hormone. Experiments in which tissue extractions were found to lower haemolymph trehalose can not prove the existence of such a hormone, while all insect species which so far have been submitted to a trehalose-tolerance test, decrease their haemolymph trehalose concentrations at a rate which can be accounted for by the metabolic use of trehalose. These results therefore indicate the absence, and not the presence, of a homeostatic hypotrehalosaemic hormone. This is also true for blowflies, from which an insulin-like immunoreactive peptide has been isolated. It seems therefore unlikely that this insulin-like peptide is a homeostatic hypotrehalosaemic hormone. The physiological mechanism by which this insulin-like peptide would have to act to function as a hypotrehalosaemic hormone is also an unlikely one. It therefore seems justified to conclude that so far, homeostatic hypotrehalosaemic hormones have not been demonstrated in insects. Furthermore, it may well be that they do not exist.
与哺乳动物中的葡萄糖不同，昆虫体内的海藻糖并非直接从消化道进入血淋巴，而是全部由昆虫自身合成。此外，在应激和飞行过程中海藻糖合成增加并不会导致血淋巴中海藻糖显著增加，因此昆虫似乎没有生理需求来产生一种维持体内海藻糖水平稳定的降海藻糖激素。那些发现组织提取物可降低血淋巴中海藻糖含量的实验并不能证明这种激素的存在，而迄今为止所有接受海藻糖耐受性测试的昆虫物种，其血淋巴中海藻糖浓度的降低速率都可以用海藻糖的代谢消耗来解释。因此，这些结果表明不存在维持体内海藻糖水平稳定的降海藻糖激素，而不是存在这种激素。对于已分离出胰岛素样免疫反应肽的绿头蝇来说也是如此。因此，这种胰岛素样肽不太可能是维持体内海藻糖水平稳定的降海藻糖激素。这种胰岛素样肽要作为降海藻糖激素发挥作用所必须的生理机制也不太可能存在。因此，似乎有理由得出结论：迄今为止，尚未在昆虫中证实存在维持体内海藻糖水平稳定的降海藻糖激素。此外，很可能它们并不存在。
