Wong Samson Sai-Yin, Poon Rosana Wing-Shan, Wong Sally Cheuk-Ying
Department of Microbiology, Research Centre for Infection and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.
J Formos Med Assoc. 2016 Apr;115(4):226-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jfma.2016.02.002. Epub 2016 Mar 7.
Zika virus was initially discovered in east Africa about 70 years ago and remained a neglected arboviral disease in Africa and Southeast Asia. The virus first came into the limelight in 2007 when it caused an outbreak in Micronesia. In the ensuing decade, it spread widely in other Pacific islands, after which its incursion into Brazil in 2015 led to a widespread epidemic in Latin America. In most infected patients the disease is relatively benign. Serious complications include Guillain-Barré syndrome and congenital infection which may lead to microcephaly and maculopathy. Aedes mosquitoes are the main vectors, in particular, Ae. aegypti. Ae. albopictus is another potential vector. Since the competent mosquito vectors are highly prevalent in most tropical and subtropical countries, introduction of the virus to these areas could readily result in endemic transmission of the disease. The priorities of control include reinforcing education of travellers to and residents of endemic areas, preventing further local transmission by vectors, and an integrated vector management programme. The container habitats of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus means engagement of the community and citizens is of utmost importance to the success of vector control.
寨卡病毒约70年前首次在东非被发现，在非洲和东南亚一直是一种被忽视的虫媒病毒病。该病毒于2007年在密克罗尼西亚引发疫情，首次受到关注。在随后的十年里，它在其他太平洋岛屿广泛传播，之后于2015年侵入巴西，导致拉丁美洲广泛流行。在大多数感染患者中，该病相对良性。严重并发症包括吉兰-巴雷综合征和先天性感染，后者可能导致小头畸形和黄斑病变。伊蚊是主要传播媒介，尤其是埃及伊蚊。白纹伊蚊是另一种潜在传播媒介。由于大多数热带和亚热带国家都有大量的传播媒介蚊子，将该病毒引入这些地区很容易导致该病的地方性传播。防控重点包括加强对前往流行地区的旅行者和当地居民的教育，防止媒介进一步在当地传播，以及实施综合媒介管理计划。埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊的容器栖息地意味着社区和公民的参与对于媒介控制的成功至关重要。
