Auta Asa, Strickland-Hodge Barry, Maz Julia
School of Healthcare, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
J Eval Clin Pract. 2016 Oct;22(5):699-706. doi: 10.1111/jep.12520. Epub 2016 Mar 10.
RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: In Nigeria, a shift from the traditional pharmacists' role of dispensing and compounding of medications began in the 1980s with the introduction of drug information services and unit dose-dispensing systems in some hospitals. More than three decades after this, clinical pharmacy practice is still underdeveloped. This study was conducted to explore stakeholders' views on the barriers to the development of clinical pharmacy practice in Nigerian hospitals.
Qualitative, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 44 purposefully sampled Nigerian stakeholders including pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, doctors, policymakers and patient group representatives. Transcribed interviews were entered into the QSR (Burlington, MA, USA) NVivo 10 software and analysed thematically.
Three major themes emerged from the study: pharmacists' professional identity, the structure of pharmacy practice and external barriers. The results revealed an ongoing struggle by Nigerian hospital pharmacists to establish their clinical identities as many non-pharmacy stakeholders viewed pharmacists' roles to be mainly supply based. Barriers to the development of clinical pharmacy practice identified included pharmacists' lack of confidence, shortage of pharmacy staff, underutilisation of pharmacy technicians, lack of specialisation and clinical career structure, medical dominance and opposition and lack of policies that support clinical pharmacy practice.
Several years after its introduction, clinical pharmacy practice is yet to be fully developed in Nigerian hospitals. The barriers identified in this study need to be addressed in order for clinical pharmacy practice to flourish.
原理、目的和目标：在尼日利亚，从20世纪80年代起，随着一些医院引入药物信息服务和单剂量配药系统，传统药剂师调配和配制药物的角色开始转变。在此之后的三十多年里，临床药学实践仍不发达。本研究旨在探讨利益相关者对尼日利亚医院临床药学实践发展障碍的看法。
对44名经过有目的抽样的尼日利亚利益相关者进行了定性的半结构化访谈，这些利益相关者包括药剂师、药房技术员、医生、政策制定者和患者群体代表。将转录后的访谈内容录入QSR（美国马萨诸塞州伯灵顿）NVivo 10软件，并进行主题分析。
该研究出现了三个主要主题：药剂师的职业身份、药学实践的结构和外部障碍。结果显示，尼日利亚医院药剂师一直在努力确立其临床身份，因为许多非药学利益相关者认为药剂师的角色主要是基于供应。确定的临床药学实践发展障碍包括药剂师缺乏信心、药房工作人员短缺、药房技术员利用不足以及缺乏专业化和临床职业结构、医学主导和反对以及缺乏支持临床药学实践的政策。
临床药学实践引入尼日利亚医院多年后仍未得到充分发展。为了使临床药学实践蓬勃发展，本研究中确定的障碍需要得到解决。
