Fuchs Elaine
Laboratory of Mammalian Development and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, USA.
Curr Top Dev Biol. 2016;116:357-74. doi: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2015.11.033. Epub 2016 Feb 8.
The mammalian skin epidermis and its hair and sweat gland appendages provide a protective barrier that retains essential body fluids, guards against invasion by harmful microbes, and regulates body temperature through the ability to sweat. At the interface between the external environment and the body, skin is constantly subjected to physical trauma and must also be primed to repair wounds in response to injury. In adults, the skin maintains epidermal homeostasis, hair regeneration, and wound repair through the use of its stem cells. This essay focuses on when stem cells become established during skin development and where these cells reside in adult epithelial tissues of the skin. I explore how skin stem cells maintain tissue homeostasis and repair wounds and how they regulate the delicate balance between proliferation and differentiation. Finally, I tackle the relation between skin cancer and mutations that perturb the regulation of stem cells.
哺乳动物的皮肤表皮及其毛发和汗腺附属器提供了一个保护屏障，可保留重要的体液，防止有害微生物的入侵，并通过出汗能力调节体温。在外部环境与身体的界面处，皮肤不断受到物理创伤，并且还必须做好准备以响应损伤来修复伤口。在成年人中，皮肤通过其干细胞维持表皮稳态、毛发再生和伤口修复。本文重点关注干细胞在皮肤发育过程中何时形成以及这些细胞在成年皮肤上皮组织中的位置。我探讨了皮肤干细胞如何维持组织稳态和修复伤口，以及它们如何调节增殖与分化之间的微妙平衡。最后，我探讨了皮肤癌与扰乱干细胞调节的突变之间的关系。
