Li Jinhui, Dong Qingyin, Liu Lili, Song Qingbin
School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Basel Convention Regional Centre for Asia and the Pacific, Beijing 100084, China; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Waste Manag. 2016 Nov;57:36-45. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.02.025. Epub 2016 Mar 9.
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) volume is increasing, worldwide. In 2011, the Chinese government issued new regulations on WEEE recycling and disposal, establishing a WEEE treatment subsidy funded by a levy on producers of electrical and electronic equipment. In order to evaluate WEEE recycling treatment costs and revenue possibilities under the new regulations, and to propose suggestions for cost-effective WEEE management, a comprehensive revenue-expenditure model (REM), were established for this study, including 7 types of costs, 4 types of fees, and one type of revenue. Since TV sets dominated the volume of WEEE treated from 2013 to 2014, with a contribution rate of 87.3%, TV sets were taken as a representative case. Results showed that the treatment cost varied from 46.4RMB/unit to 82.5RMB/unit, with a treatment quantity of 130,000 units to 1,200,000 units per year in China. Collection cost accounted for the largest portion (about 70.0%), while taxes and fees (about 11.0 %) and labor cost (about 7.0 %) contributed less. The average costs for disposal, sales, and taxes had no influence on treatment quantity (TQ). TQ might have an adverse effect on average labor and management costs; while average collection and purchase fees, and financing costs, would vary with purchase price, and the average sales fees and taxes would vary with the sales of dismantled materials and other recycled products. Recycling enterprises could reduce their costs by setting up online and offline collection platforms, cooperating with individual collectors, creating door-to-door collection channels, improving production efficiency and reducing administrative expenditures. The government could provide economic incentives-such as subsidies, low-cost loans, tax cuts and credits-and could also raise public awareness of waste management and environmental protection, in order to capture some of the WEEE currently discarded into the general waste stream. Foreign companies with advanced WEEE utilization technology could invest or participate in this area, producing profits for themselves while helping to develop and implement environmentally friendly and energy-saving technologies applicable to the Chinese market.
全球范围内，废弃电子电气设备（WEEE）的数量正在增加。2011年，中国政府发布了关于WEEE回收与处置的新规定，设立了由电子电气设备生产商缴纳的费用资助的WEEE处理补贴。为了评估新规定下WEEE回收处理成本及收益可能性，并提出具有成本效益的WEEE管理建议，本研究建立了一个综合收支模型（REM），包括7类成本、4类费用和1类收益。由于2013年至2014年电视机在处理的WEEE数量中占主导地位，贡献率为87.3%，因此将电视机作为典型案例。结果表明，在中国，处理成本从46.4元/台到82.5元/台不等，每年处理量为13万台至120万台。回收成本占比最大（约70.0%），而税费（约11.0%）和劳动力成本（约7.0%）占比相对较小。处置、销售和税费的平均成本对处理量（TQ）没有影响。TQ可能会对平均劳动力和管理成本产生不利影响；而平均回收和采购费用以及融资成本会随采购价格而变化，平均销售费用和税费会随拆解材料及其他回收产品的销售情况而变化。回收企业可以通过建立线上和线下回收平台、与个体回收者合作、开辟上门回收渠道、提高生产效率以及减少行政支出等方式降低成本。政府可以提供经济激励措施，如补贴、低成本贷款、减税和信贷，还可以提高公众对废物管理和环境保护的认识，以回收目前被当作普通垃圾丢弃的部分WEEE。拥有先进WEEE利用技术的外国公司可以在该领域投资或参与，在为自身创造利润的同时，助力开发和应用适用于中国市场的环保节能技术。
