Brancato Anna, Plescia Fulvio, Lavanco Gianluca, Cavallaro Angela, Cannizzaro Carla
Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care "Giuseppe D'Alessandro", University of PalermoPalermo, Italy; Department BioNeC, University of PalermoPalermo, Italy.
Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care "Giuseppe D'Alessandro", University of Palermo Palermo, Italy.
Front Behav Neurosci. 2016 Mar 3;10:31. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00031. eCollection 2016.
Alcohol consumption during pregnancy and lactation induces detrimental consequences, that are not limited to the direct in utero effects of the drug on fetuses, but extend to maternal care. However, the occurrence and severity of alcohol toxicity are related to the drinking pattern and the time of exposure. The present study investigated in female rats long-term alcohol drinking trajectories, by a continuous and intermittent free-choice paradigm, during pre-gestational time, pregnancy, and lactation; moreover, the consequences of long-term alcohol consumption on the response to natural reward and maternal behavior were evaluated.
Virgin female rats were exposed to home-cage two-bottle continuous- or intermittent "alcohol (20% v/v) vs. water" choice regimen along 12 weeks and throughout pregnancy and lactation. Animals were tested for saccharin preference, and maternal behavior was assessed by recording dams' undisturbed spontaneous home-cage behavior in the presence of their offspring.
Our results show that the intermittent alcohol drinking-pattern induced an escalation in alcohol intake during pre-gestational time and lactation more than the continuous access, while a reduction in alcohol consumption was observed during pregnancy, contrarily to the drinking trajectories of the continuous access-exposed rats. Long-term voluntary alcohol intake induced a decreased saccharin preference in virgin female rats and a significant reduction in maternal care, with respect to control dams, although the intermittent drinking produced a greater impairment than the continuous-access paradigm.
The present data indicate that both alcohol-drinking patterns are associated to modifications in the drinking trajectories of female rats, in pre-gestational time, during pregnancy and lactation. Moreover, long-lasting alcohol intake can affect sensitivity to natural rewarding stimuli and maternal behavior and sensitivity to natural rewarding stimuli in a pattern-related manner. This study underlies the importance of modeling human alcohol habit and its consequences on the mother-infant dyad, in order to prevent detrimental effects on offspring development and maturation.
孕期和哺乳期饮酒会引发有害后果，这些后果不仅限于药物对胎儿的直接子宫内影响，还会延伸至母性行为。然而，酒精毒性的发生和严重程度与饮酒模式及暴露时间有关。本研究通过连续和间歇性自由选择范式，在孕前、孕期和哺乳期对雌性大鼠的长期饮酒轨迹进行了调查；此外，还评估了长期饮酒对自然奖励反应和母性行为的影响。
将未交配的雌性大鼠在12周内以及整个孕期和哺乳期暴露于笼内两瓶连续或间歇性“酒精（20% v/v）与水”的选择方案中。对动物进行糖精偏好测试，并通过记录母鼠在有后代时不受干扰的自发笼内行为来评估母性行为。
我们的结果表明，与连续饮酒模式相比，间歇性饮酒模式在孕前和哺乳期导致酒精摄入量增加，而在孕期观察到酒精摄入量减少，这与连续饮酒模式的大鼠的饮酒轨迹相反。与对照母鼠相比，长期自愿饮酒导致未交配雌性大鼠糖精偏好降低，母性行为显著减少，尽管间歇性饮酒模式比连续饮酒模式造成的损害更大。
目前的数据表明，两种饮酒模式都与雌性大鼠在孕前、孕期和哺乳期的饮酒轨迹变化有关。此外，长期饮酒会以与模式相关的方式影响对自然奖励刺激的敏感性和母性行为以及对自然奖励刺激的敏感性。本研究强调了模拟人类饮酒习惯及其对母婴二元组的影响的重要性，以防止对后代发育和成熟产生有害影响。
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