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事件相关电位揭示发育性阅读障碍中异常视觉-语音绑定的时间进程。

ERPs Reveal the Time-Course of Aberrant Visual-Phonological Binding in Developmental Dyslexia.

作者信息

Jones Manon W, Kuipers Jan-Rouke, Thierry Guillaume

机构信息

School of Psychology, Bangor University Bangor, UK.

Department of Psychology, University of Stirling Stirling, UK.

出版信息

Front Hum Neurosci. 2016 Mar 1;10:71. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00071. eCollection 2016.

Abstract

New evidence is accumulating for a deficit in binding visual-orthographic information with the corresponding phonological code in developmental dyslexia. Here, we identify the mechanisms underpinning this deficit using event-related brain potentials (ERPs) in dyslexic and control adult readers performing a letter-matching task. In each trial, a printed letter was presented synchronously with an auditory letter name. Incongruent (mismatched), frequent trials were interleaved with congruent (matched) infrequent target pairs, which participants were asked to report by pressing a button. In critical trials, incongruent letter pairs were mismatched but confusable in terms of their visual or phonological features. Typical readers showed early detection of deviant trials, indicated by larger modulation in the range of the phonological mismatch negativity (PMN) compared with standard trials. This was followed by stronger modulation of the P3b wave for visually confusable deviants and an increased lateralized readiness potential (LRP) for phonological deviants, compared with standards. In contrast, dyslexic readers showed reduced sensitivity to deviancy in the PMN range. Responses to deviants in the P3b range indicated normal letter recognition processes, but the LRP calculation revealed a specific impairment for visual-orthographic information during response selection in dyslexia. In a follow-up experiment using an analogous non-lexical task in the same participants, we found no reading-group differences, indicating a degree of specificity to over-learnt visual-phonological binding. Our findings indicate early insensitivity to visual-phonological binding in developmental dyslexia, coupled with difficulty selecting the correct orthographic code.

摘要

越来越多的新证据表明,发育性阅读障碍患者在将视觉正字法信息与相应的语音代码进行结合时存在缺陷。在此,我们通过对患有阅读障碍的成年读者和对照成年读者进行字母匹配任务,利用事件相关脑电位(ERP)来确定造成这一缺陷的机制。在每次试验中,一个印刷字母与一个听觉字母名称同步呈现。不一致(不匹配)的频繁试验与一致(匹配)的不频繁目标对交替出现,参与者被要求通过按按钮来报告。在关键试验中,不一致的字母对不匹配,但在视觉或语音特征方面容易混淆。典型读者对异常试验有早期检测,表现为与标准试验相比,在语音失配负波(PMN)范围内有更大的调制。其次,与标准试验相比,对于视觉上容易混淆的异常情况,P3b波的调制更强,而对于语音异常情况,侧化准备电位(LRP)增加。相比之下,阅读障碍读者在PMN范围内对异常情况的敏感性降低。对P3b范围内异常情况的反应表明字母识别过程正常,但LRP计算显示,在阅读障碍患者的反应选择过程中,视觉正字法信息存在特定损伤。在对同一参与者进行的一项类似非词汇任务的后续实验中,我们发现阅读组之间没有差异,这表明对过度学习的视觉-语音结合存在一定程度的特异性。我们的研究结果表明,发育性阅读障碍患者对视觉-语音结合早期不敏感,同时在选择正确的正字法代码方面存在困难。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f700/4772455/2b61d5972a51/fnhum-10-00071-g0001.jpg

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