Mamede Carla Cristine Neves, de Sousa Bruna Barbosa, Pereira Déborah Fernanda da Cunha, Matias Mariana Santos, de Queiroz Mayara Ribeiro, de Morais Nadia Cristina Gomes, Vieira Sâmela Alves Pereira Batista, Stanziola Leonilda, de Oliveira Fábio
Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica (N-Biofar), 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica (N-Biofar), 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Toxicon. 2016 Jul;117:37-45. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.03.006. Epub 2016 Mar 11.
Bothropic envenomation is characterised by severe local damage caused by the toxic action of venom components and aggravated by induced inflammation. In this comparative study, the local inflammatory effects caused by the venoms of Bothrops alternatus and Bothrops moojeni, two snakes of epidemiological importance in Brazil, were investigated. The toxic action of venom components induced by bothropic venom was also characterised. Herein, the oedema, hyperalgesia and myotoxicity induced by bothropic venom were monitored for various lengths of time after venom injection in experimental animals. The intensity of the local effects caused by B. moojeni venom is considerably more potent than B. alternatus venom. Our results also indicate that metalloproteases and phospholipases A2 have a central role in the local damage induced by bothropic venoms, but serine proteases also contribute to the effects of these venoms. Furthermore, we observed that specific anti-inflammatory drugs were able to considerably reduce the oedema, the pain and the muscle damage caused by both venoms. The inflammatory reaction induced by B. moojeni venom is mediated by eicosanoid action, histamine and nitric oxide, with significant participation of bradykinin on the hyperalgesic and myotoxic effects of this venom. These mediators also participate to inflammation caused by B. alternatus venom. However, the inefficient anti-inflammatory effects of some local modulation suggest that histamine, leukotrienes and nitric oxide have little role in the oedema or myotoxicity caused by B. alternatus venom.
具窍蝮蛇咬伤的特征是毒液成分的毒性作用导致严重的局部损伤，并因诱发的炎症而加重。在这项比较研究中，对巴西两种具有流行病学重要性的蛇——交替具窍蝮蛇和穆氏具窍蝮蛇的毒液所引起的局部炎症效应进行了研究。还对具窍蝮蛇毒液诱导的毒液成分的毒性作用进行了表征。在此，在实验动物注射毒液后的不同时间段内，监测具窍蝮蛇毒液诱导的水肿、痛觉过敏和肌毒性。穆氏具窍蝮蛇毒液引起的局部效应强度比交替具窍蝮蛇毒液强得多。我们的结果还表明，金属蛋白酶和磷脂酶A2在具窍蝮蛇毒液诱导的局部损伤中起核心作用，但丝氨酸蛋白酶也对这些毒液的效应有贡献。此外，我们观察到特定的抗炎药物能够显著减轻两种毒液引起的水肿、疼痛和肌肉损伤。穆氏具窍蝮蛇毒液诱导的炎症反应由类花生酸作用、组胺和一氧化氮介导，缓激肽在该毒液的痛觉过敏和肌毒性效应中起重要作用。这些介质也参与交替具窍蝮蛇毒液引起的炎症。然而，一些局部调节的抗炎效果不佳表明，组胺、白三烯和一氧化氮在交替具窍蝮蛇毒液引起的水肿或肌毒性中作用不大。
