Hammel Stephanie C, Hoffman Kate, Webster Thomas F, Anderson Kim A, Stapleton Heather M
Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States.
Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2016 Apr 19;50(8):4483-91. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b00030. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
Organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs) are widely used as replacements for polybrominated diphenyl ethers in consumer products. With high detection in indoor environments and increasing toxicological evidence suggesting a potential for adverse health effects, there is a growing need for reliable exposure metrics to examine individual exposures to PFRs. Silicone wristbands have been used as passive air samplers for quantifying exposure in the general population and occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Here we investigated the utility of silicone wristbands in measuring exposure and internal dose of PFRs through measurement of urinary metabolite concentrations. Wristbands were also compared to hand wipes as metrics of exposure. Participants wore wristbands for 5 consecutive days and collected first morning void urine samples on 3 alternating days. Urine samples were pooled across 3 days and analyzed for metabolites of the following PFRs: tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCIPP), tris(1-chloro-2-isopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP), triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), and monosubstituted isopropylated triaryl phosphate (mono-ITP). All four PFRs and their urinary metabolites were ubiquitously detected. Correlations between TDCIPP and TCIPP and their corresponding urinary metabolites were highly significant on the wristbands (rs = 0.5-0.65, p < 0.001), which suggest that wristbands can serve as strong predictors of cumulative, 5-day exposure and may be an improved metric compared to hand wipes.
有机磷酸酯阻燃剂（PFRs）被广泛用作消费品中多溴二苯醚的替代品。由于在室内环境中检测率高，且越来越多的毒理学证据表明其对健康有潜在不良影响，因此越来越需要可靠的暴露指标来检测个体对PFRs的暴露情况。硅胶腕带已被用作被动空气采样器，用于量化普通人群的暴露情况以及职业环境中多环芳烃的暴露情况。在此，我们通过测量尿代谢物浓度，研究了硅胶腕带在测量PFRs暴露和体内剂量方面的效用。还将腕带与手擦拭样本作为暴露指标进行了比较。参与者连续佩戴腕带5天，并在3个交替日收集晨尿样本。将3天的尿液样本合并，分析以下PFRs的代谢物：磷酸三（1,3-二氯异丙基）酯（TDCIPP）、磷酸三（1-氯-2-异丙基）酯（TCIPP）、磷酸三苯酯（TPHP）和单取代异丙基化三芳基磷酸酯（单-ITP）。所有四种PFRs及其尿代谢物均被普遍检测到。TDCIPP和TCIPP与其相应尿代谢物在腕带上的相关性非常显著（rs = 0.5 - 0.65，p < 0.001），这表明腕带可作为5天累积暴露的有力预测指标，与手擦拭样本相比可能是一种更好的指标。
