Ghobril Cynthia, Rodriguez Edward K, Nazarian Ara, Grinstaff Mark W
Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry and Medicine, Boston University , 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States.
Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
Biomacromolecules. 2016 Apr 11;17(4):1235-52. doi: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00004. Epub 2016 Mar 25.
Hydrogels represent one of the most important classes of biomaterials and are of interest for various medical applications including wound repair, tissue engineering, and drug release. Hydrogels possess tunable mechanical properties, biocompatibility, nontoxicity, and similarity to natural soft tissues. The need for hydrogels with specific properties, based on the design requirements of the in vitro, in vivo, or clinical application, motivates researchers to develop new synthetic approaches and cross-linking methodologies to form novel hydrogels with unique properties. The use of dendritic macromonomers represents one elegant strategy for the formation of hydrogels with specific properties. Specifically, the uniformity of dendrimers combined with the control of their size, architecture, density, and surface groups make them promising cross-linkers for hydrogel formation. Over the last two decades, a large variety of dendritic-based hydrogels are reported for their potential use in the clinic. This review describes the state of the art with these different dendritic hydrogel formulations including their design requirements, the synthetic routes, the measurement and determination of their properties, the evaluation of their in vitro and in vivo performances, and future perspectives.
水凝胶是最重要的生物材料类别之一，在包括伤口修复、组织工程和药物释放在内的各种医学应用中具有重要意义。水凝胶具有可调节的机械性能、生物相容性、无毒性以及与天然软组织的相似性。基于体外、体内或临床应用的设计要求，对具有特定性能的水凝胶的需求促使研究人员开发新的合成方法和交联方法，以形成具有独特性能的新型水凝胶。使用树枝状大分子单体是形成具有特定性能的水凝胶的一种巧妙策略。具体而言，树枝状聚合物的均匀性及其尺寸、结构、密度和表面基团的可控性使其成为用于水凝胶形成的有前途的交联剂。在过去的二十年中，大量基于树枝状聚合物的水凝胶因其在临床上的潜在用途而被报道。本综述描述了这些不同树枝状水凝胶配方的现状，包括它们的设计要求、合成路线、性能的测量和测定、体外和体内性能的评估以及未来展望。
