Garrett Bridgette E, Gardiner Phillip S, Wright La Tanisha C, Pechacek Terry F
Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA;
Tobacco Related Disease Research Program, University of California Office of the President, Oakland, CA;
Nicotine Tob Res. 2016 Apr;18 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S11-5. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntv203.
Beginning in the late 1970s, a very sharp decline in cigarette smoking prevalence was observed among African American (AA) high school seniors compared with a more modest decline among whites. This historic decline resulted in a lower prevalence of cigarette smoking among AA youth that has persisted for several decades.
We synthesized information contained in the research literature and tobacco industry documents to provide an account of past influences on cigarette smoking behavior among AA youth to help understand the reasons for these historically lower rates of cigarette smoking.
While a number of protective factors including cigarette price increases, religiosity, parental opposition, sports participation, body image, and negative attitudes towards cigarette smoking may have all played a role in maintaining lower rates of cigarette smoking among AA youth as compared to white youth, the efforts of the tobacco industry seem to have prevented the effectiveness of these factors from carrying over into adulthood.
Continuing public health efforts that prevent cigarette smoking initiation and maintain lower cigarette smoking rates among AA youth throughout adulthood have the potential to help reduce the negative health consequences of smoking in this population.
While AA youth continue to have a lower prevalence of cigarette smoking than white youth, they are still at risk of increasing their smoking behavior due to aggressive targeted marketing by the tobacco industry. Because AAs suffer disproportionately from tobacco-related disease, and have higher incidence and mortality rates from lung cancer, efforts to prevent smoking initiation and maintain lower cigarette smoking rates among AA youth have the potential to significantly lower lung cancer death rates among AA adults.
从20世纪70年代末开始，非裔美国（AA）高中高年级学生的吸烟率急剧下降，而白人学生的下降幅度则较小。这一历史性下降导致AA族青年吸烟率较低，并持续了几十年。
我们综合了研究文献和烟草行业文件中的信息，以说明过去对AA族青年吸烟行为的影响，从而有助于理解吸烟率在历史上较低的原因。
与白人青年相比，包括香烟价格上涨、宗教信仰、父母反对、参与体育运动、身体形象以及对吸烟的负面态度等多种保护因素，可能都在维持AA族青年较低的吸烟率方面发挥了作用。然而，烟草行业的努力似乎阻碍了这些因素在成年期继续发挥有效作用。
持续开展公共卫生工作，防止AA族青年开始吸烟并在成年期保持较低的吸烟率，有可能帮助减少该人群吸烟带来的负面健康后果。
虽然AA族青年的吸烟率仍然低于白人青年，但由于烟草行业针对性的激进营销，他们仍有增加吸烟行为的风险。由于AA族因烟草相关疾病遭受的影响尤为严重，且肺癌的发病率和死亡率更高，因此努力防止AA族青年开始吸烟并保持较低的吸烟率，有可能显著降低AA族成年人的肺癌死亡率。
