De Silva T Michael, Faraci Frank M
Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
Iowa City Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Iowa City, IA, USA.
Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2016 Mar;36(2):241-58. doi: 10.1007/s10571-015-0308-1. Epub 2016 Mar 17.
The impact of vascular risk factors on cognitive function has garnered much interest in recent years. The appropriate distribution of oxygen, glucose, and other nutrients by the cerebral vasculature is critical for proper cognitive performance. The cerebral microvasculature is a key site of vascular resistance and a preferential target for small vessel disease. While deleterious effects of vascular risk factors on microvascular function are known, the contribution of this dysfunction to cognitive deficits is less clear. In this review, we summarize current evidence for microvascular dysfunction in brain. We highlight effects of select vascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, and hyperhomocysteinemia) on the pial and parenchymal circulation. Lastly, we discuss potential links between microvascular disease and cognitive function, highlighting current gaps in our understanding.
近年来，血管危险因素对认知功能的影响备受关注。脑循环系统对氧气、葡萄糖及其他营养物质的合理分配，对正常认知功能的发挥至关重要。脑微血管系统是血管阻力的关键部位，也是小血管疾病的优先靶点。虽然血管危险因素对微血管功能的有害影响已为人所知，但这种功能障碍对认知缺陷的影响尚不清楚。在本综述中，我们总结了目前关于脑微血管功能障碍的证据。我们重点介绍了特定血管危险因素（高血压、糖尿病和高同型半胱氨酸血症）对软脑膜和实质循环的影响。最后，我们讨论了微血管疾病与认知功能之间的潜在联系，强调了目前我们在理解上的差距。
