Tomashefski Amy
The University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
J Am Assoc Nurse Pract. 2016 Sep;28(9):510-5. doi: 10.1002/2327-6924.12358. Epub 2016 Mar 21.
There is a lack of research on perceived health effects of electronic cigarettes by adult users. Because more people are choosing electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) in addition to, or instead of traditional cigarettes, it is important for the nurse practitioner (NP) to understand why.
A comprehensive literature search was conducted using four scholarly databases. The search strategy utilized remained consistent. Qualitative, quantitative, observational studies and meta-analyses were considered for review. Of the 52 articles preliminarily retrieved, 9 met inclusion criteria and were analyzed.
The majority of e-cigarette users perceive they are less harmful to health than traditional cigarettes. One reason for use is smoking cessation. Current guidelines recommend against promoting e-cigarette use. More research is needed on the long-term health effects of e-cigarettes as well as regulatory statements to guide future healthcare practice.
As prevalence of e-cigarette use increases, it is important for NPs to understand the perceived effects on health by adults who use them and, specifically, how these perceptions motivate use. Armed with this information, the NP can communicate with patients about e-cigarettes, confidently recommend against their use, and begin discussions about reliable smoking cessation tools and resources that will help patients achieve their goals.
关于成年电子烟使用者对健康影响的认知研究较少。由于越来越多的人选择电子烟，或是用电子烟取代传统香烟，执业护士了解其中的原因很重要。
使用四个学术数据库进行全面的文献检索。所采用的检索策略保持一致。纳入定性、定量、观察性研究及荟萃分析进行综述。在初步检索出的52篇文章中，9篇符合纳入标准并进行了分析。
大多数电子烟使用者认为电子烟对健康的危害小于传统香烟。使用电子烟的一个原因是戒烟。当前指南不建议推广电子烟的使用。需要更多关于电子烟长期健康影响的研究以及监管声明，以指导未来的医疗实践。
随着电子烟使用的普及，执业护士了解成年使用者对健康的认知影响，尤其是这些认知如何促使他们使用电子烟很重要。掌握这些信息后，执业护士可以与患者就电子烟进行沟通，自信地建议不要使用电子烟，并开始讨论可靠的戒烟工具和资源，以帮助患者实现目标。
