Wang Shu-Wen, Repetti Rena L
Department of Psychology, Haverford College.
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles.
J Fam Psychol. 2016 Jun;30(4):492-502. doi: 10.1037/fam0000196. Epub 2016 Mar 24.
We examined sex differences in explicitly supportive behavior exchanges between husbands and wives using naturalistic video-recordings of everyday couple interactions inside the home. Thirty dual-earner, middle class, heterosexual couples with school-age children were recorded in their homes over 4 days. Specific instances of face-to-face explicit couple support in the video-recordings were identified, and the support role assumed by each partner (recipient vs. provider), the method of support initiation (solicitations vs. offers), and the type of support (instrumental vs. emotional) in each interaction were coded. Paired samples t tests examined sex differences in husbands' and wives' supportive behavior, and bivariate correlations tested the associations among spouses' support initiation behaviors. Findings counter prior research that has largely found a "support gap" favoring husbands as support recipients. Instead, results indicate that wives received significantly more support of an instrumental nature from husbands (than husbands did from wives), a finding driven by wives' active support-soliciting behavior. Among husbands, a tendency to be the solicitor of support was positively correlated with a tendency to offer support. Within couples, rates of offers of support by 1 spouse were correlated with offers by the partner. Naturalistic observations highlight processes that may not be detected by self-reports or laboratory data, in an ecologically valid context in which social behavior reflects the natural rhythms and pulls of everyday life. (PsycINFO Database Record
我们利用在家中对夫妻日常互动进行的自然主义视频记录，研究了夫妻之间明确支持行为交流中的性别差异。对30对有学龄儿童的双职工、中产阶级异性恋夫妻在家中进行了为期4天的记录。确定了视频记录中夫妻面对面明确支持的具体事例，并对每次互动中每个伴侣所承担的支持角色（接受者与提供者）、支持发起方式（请求与主动提供）以及支持类型（工具性与情感性）进行了编码。配对样本t检验考察了丈夫和妻子支持行为中的性别差异，双变量相关分析检验了配偶支持发起行为之间的关联。研究结果与之前的研究相反，之前的研究大多发现存在有利于丈夫作为支持接受者的“支持差距”。相反，结果表明，妻子从丈夫那里得到的工具性支持显著多于丈夫从妻子那里得到的支持，这一发现是由妻子积极的支持请求行为驱动的。在丈夫中，作为支持请求者的倾向与提供支持的倾向呈正相关。在夫妻内部，一方配偶提供支持的频率与另一方配偶提供支持的频率相关。自然主义观察突出了在生态有效背景下自我报告或实验室数据可能检测不到的过程，在这种背景下，社会行为反映了日常生活的自然节奏和影响因素。（PsycINFO数据库记录）
