Acosta Daiane da Silva, Danielle Naissa Maria, Altenhofen Stefani, Luzardo Milene Dornelles, Costa Patrícia Gomes, Bianchini Adalto, Bonan Carla Denise, da Silva Rosane Souza, Dafre Alcir Luiz
Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-900, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90610-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2016 Jul-Aug;185-186:122-130. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.03.008. Epub 2016 Mar 21.
Metal contamination at low levels is an important issue because it usually produces health and environmental effects, either positive or deleterious. Contamination of surface waters with copper (Cu) is a worldwide event, usually originated by mining, agricultural, industrial, commercial, and residential activities. Water quality criteria for Cu are variable among countries but allowed limits are generally in the μg/L range, which can disrupt several functions in the early life-stages of fish species. Behavioral and biochemical alterations after Cu exposure have also been described at concentrations close to the allowed limits. Aiming to search for the effects of Cu in the range of the allowed limits, larvae and adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to different concentrations of dissolved Cu (nominally: 0, 5, 9, 20 and 60μg/L; measured: 0.4, 5.7, 7.2 16.6 and 42.3μg/L, respectively) for 96h. Larvae swimming and body length, and adult behavior and biochemical biomarkers (activity of glutathione-related enzymes in gills, muscle, and brain) were assessed after Cu exposure. Several effects were observed in fish exposed to 9μg/L nominal Cu, including increased larvae swimming distance and velocity, abolishment of adult inhibitory avoidance memory, and decreased glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in gills of adult fish. At the highest Cu concentration tested (nominally: 60μg/L), body length of larvae, spatial memory of adults, and gill GST activity were decreased. Social behavior (aggressiveness and conspecific interaction), and glutathione reductase (GR) activity were not affected in adult zebrafish. Exposure to Cu, at concentrations close to the water quality criteria for this metal in fresh water, was able to alter larvae swimming performance and to induce detrimental effects on the behavior of adult zebrafish, thus indicating the need for further studies to reevaluate the currently allowed limits for Cu in fresh water.
低水平的金属污染是一个重要问题，因为它通常会对健康和环境产生影响，无论是积极的还是有害的。地表水被铜（Cu）污染是一个全球性事件，通常源于采矿、农业、工业、商业和住宅活动。各国的铜水质标准各不相同，但允许的限值一般在微克/升范围内，这可能会干扰鱼类早期生命阶段的多种功能。在接近允许限值的浓度下，铜暴露后的行为和生化改变也有相关描述。为了研究允许限值范围内铜的影响，将斑马鱼幼鱼和成鱼暴露于不同浓度的溶解铜（名义浓度：0、5、9、20和60微克/升；实测浓度：分别为0.4、5.7、7.2、16.6和42.3微克/升）中96小时。在铜暴露后评估幼鱼的游泳和体长，以及成鱼的行为和生化生物标志物（鳃、肌肉和大脑中谷胱甘肽相关酶的活性）。在暴露于名义浓度为9微克/升铜的鱼类中观察到了几种影响，包括幼鱼游泳距离和速度增加、成鱼抑制性回避记忆丧失以及成年鱼鳃中谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST）活性降低。在测试的最高铜浓度（名义浓度：60微克/升）下，幼鱼体长、成鱼空间记忆和鳃GST活性降低。成年斑马鱼的社会行为（攻击性和同种相互作用）以及谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）活性未受影响。暴露于接近淡水该金属水质标准浓度的铜中，能够改变幼鱼的游泳性能并对成年斑马鱼的行为产生有害影响，因此表明需要进一步研究以重新评估目前淡水铜的允许限值。
