Sampedro-Piquero P, Begega A
Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049, Madrid, Spain.
Neuroscience Laboratory, Psychology Department, University of Oviedo, Plaza Feijoo s/n 33003 Oviedo, INEUROPA, Spain.
Curr Neuropharmacol. 2017;15(4):459-470. doi: 10.2174/1570159X14666160325115909.
In recent decades, the interest in behavioral interventions has been growing due to the higher prevalence of age-related cognitive impairments. Hence, behavioral interventions, such as cognitive stimulation and physical activity, and along with these, our lifestyle (education level, work position, frequency of cognitive and social activities) have shown important benefits during the cognitive impairment, dementia and even recovery after brain injury. This is due to the fact that this type of intervention and activities promote the formation of a cognitive and brain reserve that allows tolerating brain damage during a long period of time without the appearance of cognitive symptoms. With regard to this, animal models have proved very useful in providing information about the brain mechanisms involved in the development of these cognitive and brain reserves and how they interact with each other.
We summarize several studies showing the positive effects of Environmental Enrichment (EE), understood as a housing condition in which animals benefit from the sensory, physical, cognitive and social stimulation provided, on brain and cognitive functions usually impaired during aging.
Most of studies have shown that EE is a successful protocol to improve cognitive functions and reduce anxiety-related behaviors across the lifespan, as well as in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases.
Therefore, EE is a laboratory condition in which some aspects of an active lifestyle are reproduced.
近几十年来，由于与年龄相关的认知障碍患病率较高，人们对行为干预的兴趣不断增加。因此，行为干预，如认知刺激和体育活动，以及与之相关的我们的生活方式（教育水平、工作职位、认知和社交活动频率）在认知障碍、痴呆甚至脑损伤后的恢复过程中都显示出重要益处。这是因为这类干预和活动促进了认知和脑储备的形成，使得在很长一段时间内能够耐受脑损伤而不出现认知症状。关于这一点，动物模型已被证明在提供有关这些认知和脑储备发展所涉及的脑机制以及它们如何相互作用的信息方面非常有用。
我们总结了几项研究，这些研究表明环境富集（EE），即一种动物受益于所提供的感官、身体、认知和社交刺激的饲养条件，对衰老过程中通常受损的脑和认知功能具有积极影响。
大多数研究表明，EE是一种成功的方案，可在整个生命周期以及神经退行性疾病动物模型中改善认知功能并减少与焦虑相关的行为。
因此，EE是一种再现积极生活方式某些方面的实验室条件。
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