Porreca Alessio, De Palo Francesca, Simonelli Alessandra, Capra Nicoletta
Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padua Padua, Italy.
Therapeutic Community "Casa Aurora" - Comunità di Venezia s.c.s. Venice, Italy.
Front Psychol. 2016 Mar 16;7:346. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00346. eCollection 2016.
Drug addiction is considered a major risk factor that can influence maternal functioning at multiple levels, leading to less optimal parental qualities and less positive interactive exchanges in mother-child dyads. Moreover, drug abusers often report negative or traumatic attachment representations regarding their own childhood. These representations might affect, to some extent, later relational and developmental outcomes of their children. This study explored whether the development of dyadic interactions in addicted women differed based on attachment status. The longitudinal ongoing of mother-child emotional exchanges was assessed among four mothers with four different attachment statuses (F-autonomous, E-preoccupied, Ds-dismissing, and U-unresolved/with losses). Attachment representations were assessed using the Adult Attachment Interview (George et al., 1985), while mother-child interactions were evaluated longitudinally during videotaped play sessions, through the Emotional Availability Scales (Biringen, 2008). As expected, the dyad with the autonomous mother showed better interactive functioning during play despite the condition of drug-abuse; the mother proved to be more affectively positive, sensitive, and responsive, while her baby showed a better organization of affects and behaviors. On the other side, insecure mothers seemed to experience more difficulties when interacting with their children showing inconsistency in the ability to perceive and respond to their babies' signals. Finally, children of insecure mothers showed less clear affects and signals. While differences between secure and insecure dyads appeared clear, differences between insecure patterns where less linear, suggesting a possible mediating role played by other factors. Clinical implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
药物成瘾被认为是一个主要风险因素，会在多个层面影响母亲的机能，导致养育质量欠佳，母婴二元组中的互动交流也缺乏积极正向性。此外，药物滥用者经常报告自己童年时期有负面或创伤性的依恋表征。这些表征可能在一定程度上影响其子女日后的人际关系和发展结果。本研究探讨了成瘾女性二元互动的发展是否因依恋状态而异。对四位具有四种不同依恋状态（F-自主型、E-过度关注型、Ds-疏离型和U-未解决/有丧失型）的母亲与其子女之间的母子情感交流进行了纵向评估。依恋表征通过成人依恋访谈（George等人，1985年）进行评估，而母子互动则在录像的游戏环节中通过情感可及性量表（Biringen，2008年）进行纵向评估。正如预期的那样，尽管存在药物滥用情况，但具有自主型母亲的二元组在游戏中表现出更好的互动功能；母亲表现得更具情感积极性、敏感性和反应性，而她的宝宝则表现出更好的情感和行为组织。另一方面，不安全型母亲在与孩子互动时似乎遇到更多困难，在感知和回应宝宝信号的能力上表现出不一致。最后，不安全型母亲的孩子表现出的情感和信号不太清晰。虽然安全型和不安全型二元组之间的差异很明显，但不安全型模式之间的差异不太呈线性，这表明可能有其他因素发挥了中介作用。本文讨论了临床意义及对未来研究的建议。
