Cogné M, Taillade M, N'Kaoua B, Tarruella A, Klinger E, Larrue F, Sauzéon H, Joseph P-A, Sorita E
EA4136 handicap et système nerveux, université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Service de médecine physique et de réadaptation, centre hospitalier universitaire, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
EA4136 handicap et système nerveux, université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2017 Jun;60(3):164-176. doi: 10.1016/j.rehab.2015.12.004. Epub 2016 Mar 24.
Spatial navigation, which involves higher cognitive functions, is frequently implemented in daily activities, and is critical to the participation of human beings in mainstream environments. Virtual reality is an expanding tool, which enables on one hand the assessment of the cognitive functions involved in spatial navigation, and on the other the rehabilitation of patients with spatial navigation difficulties. Topographical disorientation is a frequent deficit among patients suffering from neurological diseases. The use of virtual environments enables the information incorporated into the virtual environment to be manipulated empirically. But the impact of manipulations seems differ according to their nature (quantity, occurrence, and characteristics of the stimuli) and the target population.
We performed a systematic review of research on virtual spatial navigation covering the period from 2005 to 2015. We focused first on the contribution of virtual spatial navigation for patients with brain injury or schizophrenia, or in the context of ageing and dementia, and then on the impact of visual or auditory stimuli on virtual spatial navigation.
On the basis of 6521 abstracts identified in 2 databases (Pubmed and Scopus) with the keywords « navigation » and « virtual », 1103 abstracts were selected by adding the keywords "ageing", "dementia", "brain injury", "stroke", "schizophrenia", "aid", "help", "stimulus" and "cue"; Among these, 63 articles were included in the present qualitative analysis.
Unlike pencil-and-paper tests, virtual reality is useful to assess large-scale navigation strategies in patients with brain injury or schizophrenia, or in the context of ageing and dementia. Better knowledge about both the impact of the different aids and the cognitive processes involved is essential for the use of aids in neurorehabilitation.
空间导航涉及高级认知功能，在日常活动中经常被运用，对人类融入主流环境至关重要。虚拟现实是一种不断发展的工具，一方面能够评估空间导航中涉及的认知功能，另一方面可用于对存在空间导航困难的患者进行康复治疗。地形定向障碍是神经疾病患者中常见的缺陷。使用虚拟环境能够凭经验操控纳入虚拟环境中的信息。但操控的影响似乎因操控的性质（刺激的数量、出现频率和特征）以及目标人群而有所不同。
我们对2005年至2015年期间有关虚拟空间导航的研究进行了系统综述。我们首先关注虚拟空间导航对脑损伤或精神分裂症患者、或在衰老及痴呆背景下的作用，然后关注视觉或听觉刺激对虚拟空间导航的影响。
在两个数据库（PubMed和Scopus）中通过关键词“导航”和“虚拟”检索到6521篇摘要，通过添加关键词“衰老”“痴呆”“脑损伤”“中风”“精神分裂症”“辅助”“帮助”“刺激”和“线索”筛选出1103篇摘要；其中，63篇文章纳入了本定性分析。
与纸笔测试不同，虚拟现实有助于评估脑损伤或精神分裂症患者、或在衰老及痴呆背景下的大规模导航策略。更好地了解不同辅助手段的影响以及所涉及的认知过程对于在神经康复中使用辅助手段至关重要。
