Jones Hefin R, Robb Calum T, Perretti Mauro, Rossi Adriano G
William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Semin Immunol. 2016 Apr;28(2):137-45. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.03.007. Epub 2016 Mar 24.
The fundamental role played by neutrophils for an efficient, acute inflammatory response has long been appreciated, with the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms largely elucidated over the past decades. However, more recent work suggests that the biological functions exerted by this fascinating leucocyte are somewhat more extensive than previously acknowledged. Here we discuss how extravasated neutrophils govern the initiation of the resolution phase of inflammation by enabling activation of pro-resolving circuits to ensure the safe conclusion of the inflammatory response. The neutrophil 'alarm bell' on resolution is effected through release of soluble mediators as well as apoptotic bodies and other vesicles, which, in turn, can inform and modify the microenvironment ultimately leading to termination of the inflammatory response coinciding with re-establishment of tissue homeostasis and functionality.
中性粒细胞在高效急性炎症反应中所起的基本作用早已为人所知，在过去几十年里，其潜在的分子和细胞机制也已基本阐明。然而，最近的研究表明，这种迷人的白细胞所发挥的生物学功能比之前所认识的更为广泛。在此，我们将探讨外渗的中性粒细胞如何通过激活促消退回路来启动炎症消退阶段，以确保炎症反应安全结束。中性粒细胞在炎症消退时的“警报信号”是通过释放可溶性介质、凋亡小体及其他囊泡来实现的，这些物质进而能够影响并改变微环境，最终导致炎症反应终止，同时组织稳态和功能得以重建。
