Lempers J D, Clark-Lempers D, Simons R L
Iowa State University.
Child Dev. 1989 Feb;60(1):25-39. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb02692.x.
The relation between family economic hardship and adolescent distress among secondary school students in a small Midwestern community was investigated. According to prior results, family hardship has both direct and indirect effects on adolescent distress. The indirect effects come about through stress-induced changes in parental nurturance and parental discipline. The findings of this study showed that hardship effects varied according to type of distress. For females as well as males, economic hardship had both direct and indirect effects on a depression-loneliness distress factor. The indirect effects occurred through less parental nurturance and more inconsistent discipline. No direct effect of economic hardship was found for either males or females on a distress factor composed of delinquency and drug use items. For both females and males, however, an indirect effect of family economic hardship on the delinquency-drug use factor was found with inconsistent parental discipline as the mediating variable.
对中西部一个小社区的中学生家庭经济困难与青少年苦恼之间的关系进行了调查。根据先前的研究结果，家庭困难对青少年苦恼有直接和间接影响。间接影响是通过压力导致的父母养育方式和父母管教的变化产生的。本研究结果表明，困难的影响因苦恼类型而异。对于女性和男性来说，经济困难对抑郁-孤独苦恼因素既有直接影响，也有间接影响。间接影响是通过较少的父母养育和更不一致的管教产生的。对于由犯罪和吸毒项目组成的苦恼因素，未发现经济困难对男性或女性有直接影响。然而，对于女性和男性来说，都发现家庭经济困难通过不一致的父母管教作为中介变量对犯罪-吸毒因素有间接影响。
