Conger R D, Conger K J, Elder G H, Lorenz F O, Simons R L, Whitbeck L B
Department of Sociology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011.
Child Dev. 1992 Jun;63(3):526-41. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb01644.x.
We propose a family process model that links economic stress in family life to prosocial and problematic adolescent adjustment. Employing a sample of 205 seventh-grade boys aged 12 to 14 years (M = 12.7) and living in intact families in the rural Midwest, the theoretical constructs in the model were measured using both trained observer and family member reports. In general, results were consistent with the proposed model. Objective economic conditions such as per capita income and unstable work were related to parents' emotional status and behaviors through their perceptions of increased economic pressures such as the inability to pay monthly bills. These pressures were associated with depression and demoralization for both parents, which was related to marital conflict and disruptions in skillful parenting. Disrupted parenting mediated the relations between the earlier steps in the stress process and adolescent adjustment. The emotions and behaviors of both mothers and fathers were almost equally affected by financial difficulties, and disruptions in each parent's child-rearing behaviors had adverse consequences for adolescent development.
我们提出了一个家庭过程模型，该模型将家庭生活中的经济压力与青少年的亲社会行为和问题行为联系起来。我们选取了205名年龄在12至14岁（平均年龄M = 12.7岁）的七年级男孩作为样本，他们都生活在中西部农村的完整家庭中。通过训练有素的观察者和家庭成员的报告，对模型中的理论结构进行了测量。总体而言，结果与所提出的模型一致。人均收入和工作不稳定等客观经济状况，通过父母对诸如无力支付每月账单等经济压力增加的认知，与父母的情绪状态和行为相关。这些压力与父母双方的抑郁和士气低落有关，而这又与婚姻冲突以及熟练育儿行为的中断相关。育儿行为的中断在压力过程的早期阶段与青少年适应之间起到了中介作用。母亲和父亲的情绪及行为几乎同样受到经济困难的影响，而且父母各自育儿行为的中断对青少年发展都产生了不利影响。
