Møller Peter, Christophersen Daniel Vest, Jacobsen Nicklas Raun, Skovmand Astrid, Gouveia Ana Cecília Damião, Andersen Maria Helena Guerra, Kermanizadeh Ali, Jensen Ditte Marie, Danielsen Pernille Høgh, Roursgaard Martin, Jantzen Kim, Loft Steffen
a Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark ;
b The National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen , Denmark.
Crit Rev Toxicol. 2016;46(5):437-76. doi: 10.3109/10408444.2016.1149451. Epub 2016 Mar 30.
Exposure to particulate matter (PM) from traffic vehicles is hazardous to the vascular system, leading to clinical manifestations and mortality due to ischemic heart disease. By analogy, nanomaterials may also be associated with the same outcomes. Here, the effects of exposure to PM from ambient air, diesel exhaust and certain nanomaterials on atherosclerosis and vasomotor function in animals have been assessed. The majority of studies have used pulmonary exposure by inhalation or instillation, although there are some studies on non-pulmonary routes such as the gastrointestinal tract. Airway exposure to air pollution particles and nanomaterials is associated with similar effects on atherosclerosis progression, augmented vasoconstriction and blunted vasorelaxation responses in arteries, whereas exposure to diesel exhaust is associated with lower responses. At present, there is no convincing evidence of dose-dependent effects across studies. Oxidative stress and inflammation have been observed in the arterial wall of PM-exposed animals with vasomotor dysfunction or plaque progression. From the data, it is evident that pulmonary and systemic inflammation does not seem to be necessary for these vascular effects to occur. Furthermore, there is inconsistent evidence with regard to altered plasma lipid profile and systemic inflammation as a key step in vasomotor dysfunction and progression of atherosclerosis in PM-exposed animals. In summary, the results show that certain nanomaterials, including TiO2, carbon black and carbon nanotubes, have similar hazards to the vascular system as combustion-derived PM.
暴露于机动车排放的颗粒物（PM）对血管系统有害，会导致缺血性心脏病的临床表现和死亡。同理，纳米材料也可能产生相同的后果。在此，已评估了暴露于环境空气中的PM、柴油尾气和某些纳米材料对动物动脉粥样硬化和血管舒缩功能的影响。大多数研究采用吸入或滴注的方式进行肺部暴露，不过也有一些关于非肺部途径（如胃肠道）的研究。气道暴露于空气污染颗粒和纳米材料与对动脉粥样硬化进展、血管收缩增强和动脉血管舒张反应减弱的类似影响有关，而暴露于柴油尾气则与较低的反应有关。目前，各项研究中尚无令人信服的剂量依赖性效应证据。在暴露于PM且出现血管舒缩功能障碍或斑块进展的动物的动脉壁中，已观察到氧化应激和炎症。从数据来看，很明显这些血管效应的发生似乎并不需要肺部和全身性炎症。此外，关于暴露于PM的动物中血浆脂质谱改变和全身性炎症作为血管舒缩功能障碍和动脉粥样硬化进展的关键步骤，证据并不一致。总之，结果表明某些纳米材料，包括二氧化钛、炭黑和碳纳米管，对血管系统具有与燃烧产生的PM类似的危害。
