Breiting V B, Aalund O, Albrektsen S B, Danielsen L, Helweg-Larsen K, Jacobsen J, Kjaerulff H, Staugaard H, Thomsen J L
Department of Dermato-Venerology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Forensic Sci Int. 1989 Feb;40(2):183-99. doi: 10.1016/0379-0738(89)90146-1.
As part of a transcultural investigation of violent behavior in Denmark and South America an analysis was made during a one year period of the incidents involving deliberate violence as registered at 3 Danish emergency wards, and at the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Copenhagen. In the three emergency wards a total of 1316 victims of deliberate violence were observed corresponding to a rate of about 3.3/1000 per year in a provincial/rural district, the catchment region of Holbaek County Hospital, 5.5/1000 per year in a mainly middle income area of the metropolis Copenhagen, the catchment region of Frederiksberg Hospital, and 7.6/1000 per year in a mainly low income area of Copenhagen, the catchment region of the Rigshospital. The highest risk, 28/1000 per year, was found for young men between 15 and 19 years of age living in the low income area of Copenhagen. The risk was low for people greater than or equal to 60 years of age in all three areas investigated, ranging from 0 (men) to 1.3/1000 per year (women). Skilled and unskilled workers were greatly over represented as victims of violence, considering their share of the background population. Seventy percent of the victims were men. At least 44% of the men and 32% of the women were alcohol intoxicated when arriving in the emergency ward. The incidents took place in restaurants or in the vicinity of restaurants for 30% of the male and 11% of female victims respectively, while 45% of the women had been subject to deliberate violence at home. The rate of fatal cases of deliberate violence in the Eastern part of Denmark, the catchment area for the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Copenhagen, was found to be 0.02/1000 per year. The risk of becoming a victim of deliberate violence has not increased during the last 4 years comparing with similar investigations from other parts of Denmark. However, the rate of homicide seems to have increased, and so has the severity of the injuries caused by deliberate violence. The pattern of deliberate violence appears to be associated with socio-economic and cultural factors, and to be closely linked with alcohol intoxication.
作为丹麦和南美洲暴力行为跨文化调查的一部分，在为期一年的时间里，对丹麦3家急诊病房以及哥本哈根法医学研究所记录的涉及蓄意暴力的事件进行了分析。在这3家急诊病房，共观察到1316名蓄意暴力受害者，在省级/农村地区（霍尔拜克县医院的服务区域），年发生率约为3.3/1000；在哥本哈根大都市区一个主要为中等收入的地区（腓特烈斯贝格医院的服务区域），年发生率为5.5/1000；在哥本哈根一个主要为低收入的地区（丹麦国家医院的服务区域），年发生率为7.6/1000。在哥本哈根低收入地区生活的15至19岁年轻男性的风险最高，为每年28/1000。在所有3个调查地区，60岁及以上人群成为暴力受害者的风险较低，男性为0，女性为每年1.3/1000。考虑到熟练和非熟练工人在背景人群中的比例，他们作为暴力受害者的比例过高。受害者中70%为男性。至少44%的男性和32%的女性在抵达急诊病房时处于酒精中毒状态。分别有30%的男性受害者和11%的女性受害者的事件发生在餐馆或餐馆附近，而45%的女性在家中遭受蓄意暴力。在丹麦东部（哥本哈根法医学研究所的服务区域），蓄意暴力致死率为每年0.02/1000。与丹麦其他地区的类似调查相比，在过去4年中，成为蓄意暴力受害者的风险并未增加。然而，杀人率似乎有所上升，蓄意暴力造成的伤害严重程度也有所增加。蓄意暴力模式似乎与社会经济和文化因素有关，并且与酒精中毒密切相关。
