National Office for Cancer Prevention and Control Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China.
Thorac Cancer. 2016 Mar;7(2):232-7. doi: 10.1111/1759-7714.12322. Epub 2015 Dec 7.
Esophageal cancer has been a common cancer in China for many years. Using the most recent data collected from the National Central Cancer Registry, we present estimates of the esophageal cancer burden in China in 2011.
Age-specific incidence and mortality rates by gender and area for 18 age groups were calculated based on data from 177 qualified population-based cancer registries. The number of new cases of esophageal cancer and cancer deaths were computed by multiplying these rates by the 2011 population. Crude incidence and mortality rates of esophageal cancer were estimated.
The estimated number of new esophageal cancer cases and deaths were 291 238 and 218 957, respectively. The crude incidence and mortality rates for esophageal cancer were 21.62/100 000 and 16.25/100 000, respectively. The age-standardized incidence and mortality rates by world population were 15.83/100 000 and 11.62/100 000, respectively. Both the incidence and mortality rates of esophageal cancer were higher in rural areas than in urban areas, and in men than in women. The age-specific esophageal cancer incidence and mortality rates increased with age. In China, squamous cell cancer was the most common pathological type of the disease.
Esophageal cancer remains a major public health issue in China. Primary and secondary prevention are essential for disease control.
食管癌在中国已经是一种多年来常见的癌症。利用国家癌症中心最新收集的癌症登记数据，我们对 2011 年中国食管癌的发病负担进行了评估。
根据来自 177 个合格的基于人群的癌症登记处的数据，计算了 18 个年龄组按性别和地区划分的特定年龄组的发病率和死亡率。通过将这些比率乘以 2011 年的人口数，计算出食管癌新发病例和癌症死亡人数。估计食管癌的粗发病率和死亡率。
估计食管癌新发病例和死亡人数分别为 291238 例和 218957 例。食管癌的粗发病率和死亡率分别为 21.62/10 万和 16.25/10 万。按世界人口计算的年龄标准化发病率和死亡率分别为 15.83/10 万和 11.62/10 万。食管癌的发病率和死亡率均高于农村地区，男性高于女性。食管癌的年龄特异性发病率和死亡率随年龄增长而增加。在中国，鳞状细胞癌是最常见的疾病病理类型。
食管癌仍然是中国的一个主要公共卫生问题。初级和二级预防对于疾病控制至关重要。
