Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Cancer Immunol Res. 2016 Jun;4(6):541-51. doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-15-0263. Epub 2016 Apr 4.
Antitumor treatments based on the infusion of T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CAR T cells) are still relatively ineffective for solid tumors, due to the presence of immunosuppressive mediators [such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and adenosine] and poor T-cell trafficking. PGE2 and adenosine activate protein kinase A (PKA), which then inhibits T-cell receptor (TCR) activation. This inhibition process requires PKA to localize to the immune synapse via binding to the membrane protein ezrin. We generated CAR T cells that expressed a small peptide called the "regulatory subunit I anchoring disruptor" (RIAD) that inhibits the association of PKA with ezrin, thus blunting the negative effects of PKA on TCR activation. After exposure to PGE2 or adenosine in vitro, CAR-RIAD T cells showed increased TCR signaling, released more cytokines, and showed enhanced killing of tumor cells compared with CAR T cells. When injected into tumor-bearing mice, the antitumor efficacy of murine and human CAR-RIAD T cells was enhanced compared with that of CAR T cells, due to resistance to tumor-induced hypofunction and increased T-cell infiltration of established tumors. Subsequent in vitro assays showed that both mouse and human CAR-RIAD cells migrated more efficiently than CAR cells did in response to the chemokine CXCL10 and also had better adhesion to various matrices. Thus, the intracellular addition of the RIAD peptide to adoptively transferred CAR T cells augments their efficacy by increasing their effector function and by improving trafficking into tumor sites. This treatment strategy, therefore, shows potential clinical application for treating solid tumors. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(6); 541-51. ©2016 AACR.
基于嵌合抗原受体(CAR) T 细胞输注的抗肿瘤治疗对于实体瘤仍然相对无效,这是由于存在免疫抑制介质[如前列腺素 E2(PGE2)和腺苷]和 T 细胞运输不良。PGE2 和腺苷激活蛋白激酶 A(PKA),然后抑制 T 细胞受体(TCR)的激活。该抑制过程需要 PKA 通过与膜蛋白 ezrin 结合定位到免疫突触。我们生成了表达一种称为“调节亚基 I 锚定破坏子”(RIAD)的小肽的 CAR T 细胞,该小肽抑制 PKA 与 ezrin 的结合,从而削弱 PKA 对 TCR 激活的负面影响。在体外暴露于 PGE2 或腺苷后,CAR-RIAD T 细胞显示出增强的 TCR 信号传导,释放更多的细胞因子,并显示出与 CAR T 细胞相比增强的杀伤肿瘤细胞的能力。与 CAR T 细胞相比,当注入荷瘤小鼠时,鼠和人 CAR-RIAD T 细胞的抗肿瘤功效增强,这是由于对肿瘤诱导的功能低下的抗性和建立的肿瘤中 T 细胞浸润的增加。随后的体外测定表明,与 CAR 细胞相比,无论是小鼠还是人 CAR-RIAD 细胞在响应趋化因子 CXCL10 时都更有效地迁移,并且对各种基质的粘附性也更好。因此,通过增加效应功能并改善向肿瘤部位的运输,将 RIAD 肽添加到过继转移的 CAR T 细胞中可增强其功效。因此,这种治疗策略显示出用于治疗实体瘤的潜在临床应用。Cancer Immunol Res; 4(6); 541-51. ©2016 AACR.