Madigan Daniel J, Stoeber Joachim, Passfield Louis
a School of Sport & Exercise Sciences , University of Kent , Chatham Maritime , UK.
b School of Psychology , University of Kent , Canterbury , UK.
J Sports Sci. 2017 Mar;35(5):470-475. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1172726. Epub 2016 Apr 7.
Perfectionistic athletes may train harder and for longer than non-perfectionistic athletes, leaving them susceptible to elevated levels of training distress. So far, however, no study has investigated the relationships between perfectionism and training distress, a key indicator of overtraining syndrome. Furthermore, no study has determined psychological predictors of overtraining syndrome. Using a two-wave design, the present study examined perfectionistic strivings, perfectionistic concerns and training distress in 141 junior athletes (mean age = 17.3 years, range = 16-19 years) over 3 months of active training. Multiple regression analyses were employed to test cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between perfectionism and training distress. In all analyses, perfectionism emerged as a significant predictor, but strivings and concerns showed differential relationships. When the cross-sectional relationships were regarded, perfectionistic concerns positively predicted training distress (P < .001), whereas perfectionistic strivings negatively predicted training distress (P < .01). When the longitudinal relationships were regarded, only perfectionistic concerns predicted increases in training distress (P < .05), whereas perfectionistic strivings did not (P > .05). The findings suggest that sports scientists who wish to identify athletes at risk of overtraining syndrome may monitor athletes' perfectionistic concerns as a possible risk factor.
完美主义的运动员可能比非完美主义的运动员训练更刻苦、时间更长，这使他们容易出现更高水平的训练压力。然而，到目前为止，尚无研究调查完美主义与训练压力之间的关系，而训练压力是过度训练综合征的一个关键指标。此外，也没有研究确定过度训练综合征的心理预测因素。本研究采用两阶段设计，在141名青少年运动员（平均年龄 = 17.3岁，范围 = 16 - 19岁）为期3个月的积极训练期间，考察了完美主义追求、完美主义担忧和训练压力。采用多元回归分析来检验完美主义与训练压力之间的横断面和纵向关系。在所有分析中，完美主义均作为一个显著的预测因素出现，但追求和担忧呈现出不同的关系。在考虑横断面关系时，完美主义担忧正向预测训练压力（P <.001），而完美主义追求负向预测训练压力（P <.01）。在考虑纵向关系时，只有完美主义担忧预测了训练压力的增加（P <.05），而完美主义追求则没有（P >.05）。研究结果表明，希望识别有过度训练综合征风险的运动员的运动科学家，可能会将运动员的完美主义担忧作为一个潜在风险因素进行监测。
