Samanta Luna, Swain Nirlipta, Ayaz Ahmet, Venugopal Vijay, Agarwal Ashok
American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Redox Biology Laboratory, Department of Zsoology, School of Life Sciences, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack - 753003, Odisha, India.
Redox Biology Laboratory, Department of Zsoology, School of Life Sciences, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack - 753003, Odisha, India.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2016 Jul;1860(7):1450-65. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.04.001. Epub 2016 Apr 6.
The spermatozoa undergo a series of changes in the epididymis to mature after their release from the testis and subsequently in the female reproductive tract after ejaculation to get capacitated and achieve fertilization potential. Despite having a silenced protein synthesis machinery, the dynamic change in protein profile of the spermatozoa is attributed either to acquisition of new proteins via vescicular transport or to several post-translational modifications (PTMs) occurring on the already expressed protein complement.
In this review emphasis is given on the PTMs already reported on the human sperm proteins under normal and pathologic conditions with particular reference to sperm function such as motility and fertilization. An attempt has been made to summarize different protocols and methods used for analysis of PTMs on sperm proteins and the newer trends those were emerging.
Deciphering the differential occurrence of PTM on protein at ultrastructural level would give us a better insight of structure-function relationship of the particular protein. Protein with multiple PTMs could be used to generate the complex interaction network involved in a physiological function of a sperm. It can be speculated that crosstalk between different PTMs occurring either on same/ other proteins actually regulate the protein stability and activity both in physiological and pathological states.
The analytical prospective of various PTMs reported in human spermatozoa and their relevance to sperm function particularly in various pathophysiological states, would pave way for development of biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic intervention of male infertility.
精子从睾丸释放后在附睾中经历一系列变化以成熟，随后在射精后于女性生殖道中经历变化以获能并获得受精能力。尽管精子的蛋白质合成机制处于沉默状态，但其蛋白质谱的动态变化要么归因于通过囊泡运输获得新蛋白质，要么归因于已表达的蛋白质组分上发生的几种翻译后修饰（PTM）。
本综述重点关注正常和病理条件下已报道的人类精子蛋白质上的PTM，特别提及精子功能，如运动性和受精。已尝试总结用于分析精子蛋白质上PTM的不同方案和方法以及正在出现的新趋势。
在超微结构水平上解读蛋白质上PTM的差异出现情况将使我们更好地了解特定蛋白质的结构 - 功能关系。具有多种PTM的蛋白质可用于生成参与精子生理功能的复杂相互作用网络。可以推测，在相同/其他蛋白质上发生的不同PTM之间的串扰实际上在生理和病理状态下调节蛋白质的稳定性和活性。
人类精子中报道的各种PTM的分析前景及其与精子功能的相关性，特别是在各种病理生理状态下，将为男性不育症的诊断、预后和治疗干预生物标志物的开发铺平道路。
