James Peter, Hart Jaime E, Banay Rachel F, Laden Francine
Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 2016 Sep;124(9):1344-52. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1510363. Epub 2016 Apr 14.
Green, natural environments may ameliorate adverse environmental exposures (e.g., air pollution, noise, and extreme heat), increase physical activity and social engagement, and lower stress.
We aimed to examine the prospective association between residential greenness and mortality.
Using data from the U.S.-based Nurses' Health Study prospective cohort, we defined cumulative average time-varying seasonal greenness surrounding each participant's address using satellite imagery [Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)]. We followed 108,630 women and observed 8,604 deaths between 2000 and 2008.
In models adjusted for mortality risk factors (age, race/ethnicity, smoking, and individual- and area-level socioeconomic status), women living in the highest quintile of cumulative average greenness (accounting for changes in residence during follow-up) in the 250-m area around their home had a 12% lower rate of all-cause nonaccidental mortality [95% confidence interval (CI); 0.82, 0.94] than those in the lowest quintile. The results were consistent for the 1,250-m area, although the relationship was slightly attenuated. These associations were strongest for respiratory and cancer mortality. The findings from a mediation analysis suggested that the association between greenness and mortality may be at least partly mediated by physical activity, particulate matter < 2.5 μm, social engagement, and depression.
Higher levels of green vegetation were associated with decreased mortality. Policies to increase vegetation may provide opportunities for physical activity, reduce harmful exposures, increase social engagement, and improve mental health. Planting vegetation may mitigate the effects of climate change; in addition, evidence of an association between vegetation and lower mortality rates suggests it also might be used to improve health.
James P, Hart JE, Banay RF, Laden F. 2016. Exposure to greenness and mortality in a nationwide prospective cohort study of women. Environ Health Perspect 124:1344-1352; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1510363.
绿色的自然环境可能会减轻不良环境暴露（如空气污染、噪音和酷热），增加身体活动和社交参与，并减轻压力。
我们旨在研究居住环境绿化程度与死亡率之间的前瞻性关联。
利用美国护士健康研究前瞻性队列的数据，我们使用卫星图像[归一化植被指数（NDVI）]定义了每个参与者住址周围随时间变化的累积平均季节性绿化程度。我们对108,630名女性进行了随访，在2000年至2008年期间观察到8,604例死亡。
在针对死亡风险因素（年龄、种族/族裔、吸烟以及个人和地区层面的社会经济地位）进行调整的模型中，居住在其家周围250米区域内累积平均绿化程度最高五分位数（考虑随访期间的居住变化）的女性，其全因非意外死亡率比最低五分位数的女性低12%[95%置信区间（CI）；0.82, 0.94]。在1250米区域的结果也是一致的，尽管这种关系略有减弱。这些关联在呼吸和癌症死亡率方面最为明显。中介分析的结果表明，绿化程度与死亡率之间的关联可能至少部分由身体活动、小于2.5微米的颗粒物、社交参与和抑郁介导。
更高水平的绿色植被与死亡率降低相关。增加植被的政策可能会为身体活动提供机会，减少有害暴露，增加社交参与，并改善心理健康。种植植被可能会减轻气候变化的影响；此外，植被与较低死亡率之间存在关联的证据表明，它也可用于改善健康。
詹姆斯·P、哈特·JE、巴奈·RF、拉登·F。2016年。在一项全国性女性前瞻性队列研究中暴露于绿化环境与死亡率。《环境健康展望》124:1344 - 1352；http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1510363 。
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