Hanani Menachem
Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem 91240, Israel.
Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
Cells. 2025 Mar 20;14(6):462. doi: 10.3390/cells14060462.
Chronic pain is a global health problem with major socioeconomic implications. Drug therapy for chronic pain is limited, prompting search for non-pharmacological treatments. One such approach is physical exercise, which has been found to be beneficial for numerous health issues. Research in recent years has yielded considerable evidence for the analgesic actions of exercise in humans and experimental animals, but the underlying mechanisms are far from clear. It was proposed that exercise influences the pain pathways by interacting with the immune system, mainly by reducing inflammatory responses, but the release of endogenous analgesic mediators is another possibility. Exercise acts on neurons and glial cells in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. This review focuses on the periphery, with emphasis on possible glia-neuron interactions. Key topics include interactions of Schwann cells with axons (myelinated and unmyelinated), satellite glial cells in sensory ganglia, enteric glial cells, and the sympathetic nervous system. An attempt is made to highlight several neurological diseases that are associated with pain and the roles that glial cells may play in exercise-induced pain alleviation. Among the diseases are fibromyalgia and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. The hypothesis that active skeletal muscles exert their effects on the nervous system by releasing myokines is discussed.
慢性疼痛是一个具有重大社会经济影响的全球性健康问题。慢性疼痛的药物治疗有限，这促使人们寻找非药物治疗方法。体育锻炼就是这样一种方法，已发现其对许多健康问题有益。近年来的研究为运动在人类和实验动物中的镇痛作用提供了大量证据，但其潜在机制仍远未明确。有人提出运动通过与免疫系统相互作用来影响疼痛通路，主要是通过减少炎症反应，但内源性镇痛介质的释放也是一种可能性。运动作用于中枢和外周神经系统中的神经元和神经胶质细胞。本综述聚焦于外周，重点关注神经胶质细胞与神经元之间可能的相互作用。关键主题包括施万细胞与轴突（有髓和无髓）的相互作用、感觉神经节中的卫星神经胶质细胞、肠神经胶质细胞以及交感神经系统。本文试图强调几种与疼痛相关的神经系统疾病以及神经胶质细胞在运动诱导的疼痛缓解中可能发挥的作用。这些疾病包括纤维肌痛和夏科 - 马里 - 图斯病。本文还讨论了活跃的骨骼肌通过释放肌细胞因子对神经系统产生影响的假说。
