Avigliano Esteban, Schenone Nahuel
Centro de Investigaciones Antonia Ramos, Fundación Bosques Nativos Argentinos para la Biodiversidad, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016 Aug;23(15):15063-75. doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-6646-9. Epub 2016 Apr 16.
The South American Atlantic rainforest is a one-of-a-kind ecosystem considered as a biodiversity hotspot; however, in the last decades, it was intensively reduced to 7 % of its original surface. Water resources and water quality are one of the main goods and services this system provides to people. For monitoring and management recommendations, the present study is focused on (1) determining the nutrient content (nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, and phosphate) and physiochemical parameters (temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, and total dissolved solids) in surface water from 24 rainforest mountain rivers in Argentina, (2) analyzing the human health risk, (3) assessing the environmental distribution of the determined pollutants, and (4) analyzing water quality indices (WQIobj and WQImin). In addition, for total coliform bacteria, a dataset was used from literature. Turbidity, total dissolved solids, and nitrite (NO2 (-)) exceeded the guideline value recommended by national or international guidelines in several sampling stations. The spatial distribution pattern was analyzed by Principal Component Analysis and Factor Analysis (PCA/FA) showing well-defined groups of rivers. Both WQI showed good adjustment (R (2) = 0.89) and rated water quality as good or excellent in all sampling sites (WQI > 71). Therefore, this study suggests the use of the WQImin for monitoring water quality in the region and also the water treatment of coliform, total dissolved solids, and turbidity.
南美洲大西洋雨林是一个独一无二的生态系统，被视为生物多样性热点地区；然而，在过去几十年里，其面积急剧减少至原来的7%。水资源和水质是该系统为人们提供的主要商品和服务之一。为了提出监测和管理建议，本研究重点关注：（1）测定阿根廷24条雨林山区河流地表水的营养成分（硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、铵和磷酸盐）和理化参数（温度、pH值、电导率、浊度、溶解氧和总溶解固体）；（2）分析对人类健康的风险；（3）评估所测定污染物的环境分布；（4）分析水质指数（WQIobj和WQImin）。此外，对于总大肠菌群，使用了文献中的数据集。在几个采样站，浊度、总溶解固体和亚硝酸盐（NO2(-)）超过了国家或国际指南推荐的指导值。通过主成分分析和因子分析（PCA/FA）分析空间分布模式，结果显示河流组划分明确。两个水质指数均显示出良好的拟合度（R(2)=0.89），且所有采样点的水质评级均为良好或优秀（WQI>71）。因此，本研究建议使用WQImin来监测该地区的水质，并对大肠菌群、总溶解固体和浊度进行水处理。
