Bowleg Lisa, English Devin, Del Rio-Gonzalez Ana Maria, Burkholder Gary J, Teti Michelle, Tschann Jeanne M
The George Washington University.
Walden University.
Psychol Men Masc. 2016 Apr;17(2):177-188. doi: 10.1037/men0000026. Epub 2016 Jan 14.
Although extensive research documents that Black people in the U.S. frequently experience social discrimination, most of this research aggregates these experiences primarily or exclusively by race. Consequently, empirical gaps exist about the psychosocial costs and benefits of Black men's experiences at the intersection of race and gender. Informed by intersectionality, a theoretical framework that highlights how multiple social identities intersect to reflect interlocking social-structural inequality, this study addresses these gaps with the qualitative development and quantitative test of the Black Men's Experiences Scale (BMES). The BMES assesses Black men's negative experiences with overt discrimination and microaggressions, as well their positive evaluations of what it means to be Black men. First, we conducted focus groups and individual interviews with Black men to develop the BMES. Next, we tested the BMES with 578 predominantly low-income urban Black men between the ages of 18 and 44. Exploratory factor analysis suggested a 12-item, 3-factor solution that explained 63.7% of the variance. We labeled the subscales: and . Confirmatory factor analysis supported the three-factor solution. As hypothesized, the BMES's subscales correlated with measures of racial discrimination, depression, resilience, and social class at the neighborhood-level. Preliminary evidence suggests that the BMES is a reliable and valid measure of Black men's experiences at the intersection of race and gender.
尽管大量研究表明，美国黑人经常遭受社会歧视，但大多数此类研究主要或完全按种族汇总这些经历。因此，关于黑人男性在种族与性别的交叉点上所经历的心理社会成本和收益，存在实证空白。受交叉性理论框架的启发，该理论强调多种社会身份如何相互交叉以反映相互关联的社会结构不平等，本研究通过黑人男性经历量表（BMES）的定性开发和定量测试来填补这些空白。BMES评估黑人男性在公开歧视和微侵犯方面的负面经历，以及他们对作为黑人男性意味着什么的积极评价。首先，我们与黑人男性进行了焦点小组讨论和个人访谈，以开发BMES。接下来，我们对578名年龄在18至44岁之间、主要为低收入城市黑人男性进行了BMES测试。探索性因素分析提出了一个包含12个项目、3个因素的解决方案，该方案解释了63.7%的方差。我们将这些子量表命名为： 和 。验证性因素分析支持了这一三因素解决方案。正如所假设的那样，BMES的子量表与种族歧视、抑郁、复原力以及邻里层面的社会阶层测量指标相关。初步证据表明，BMES是衡量黑人男性在种族与性别的交叉点上所经历情况的可靠且有效的指标。
