Department of Psychology, The George Washington University, 2125 G Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2021 Oct;8(5):1139-1152. doi: 10.1007/s40615-020-00870-z. Epub 2020 Sep 22.
Gentrification-the process by which middle-class individuals (often White) move into lower-income neighborhoods (often Black), consequently displacing existing residents and changing the neighborhood's social character-is a relatively new and rapid phenomenon in Washington, DC. From 2000 to 2010, DC had the second fastest rate of gentrification in the USA. Gentrification is a major and disproportionate source of disadvantage for low-income Black DC residents. In light of the relative dearth of psychological research focused on gentrification, this study sought to answer the following research questions: What are Black men's experiences with gentrification in DC and how are Black men psychosocially affected by the gentrification of their neighborhoods? Data used in this study were obtained in Fall 2013 via nine semi-structured focus groups from nine DC neighborhood clusters. Participants were 83 self-identified Black men between the ages of 18 and 48 (M = 29.96, SD = 6.90) who reported predominantly low socioeconomic status. Black men's experiences with gentrification in DC included experiencing changing demographics and spaces, being discriminated against by police, blaming the Black community for gentrification and displacement and recognizing the positives of gentrification. Gentrification had negative psychosocial effects on participants, including race-based social exclusion, restricted mobility, reduced social cohesion and sense of community belonging, loss of control, and internalized blame. It is imperative that psychologists and other health professionals recognize and further explore the psychosocial and health consequences of gentrification on longtime Black residents and promote solutions to reduce the stress associated with this understudied driver of racial/ethnic health inequities.
中产阶级(通常是白人)向低收入社区(通常是黑人)迁移的过程称为绅士化,该过程导致了原有居民的外迁,并改变了社区的社会特征。在华盛顿特区,这种现象相对较新且发展迅速。从 2000 年到 2010 年,华盛顿特区的绅士化速度在美国排名第二。绅士化是低收入的黑人华盛顿特区居民面临的主要且不成比例的劣势来源。鉴于针对绅士化的心理学研究相对较少,本研究试图回答以下研究问题:黑人男性在华盛顿特区经历了哪些绅士化,他们的社区绅士化对他们的心理社会有何影响?本研究的数据于 2013 年秋季通过九个 DC 社区集群的九个半结构化焦点小组获得。参与者是 83 名自我认同的黑人男性,年龄在 18 至 48 岁之间(M=29.96,SD=6.90),他们报告的社会经济地位主要较低。黑人男性在华盛顿特区经历的绅士化包括经历人口结构和空间的变化、受到警察的歧视、将绅士化和外迁归咎于黑人社区,以及认识到绅士化的积极影响。绅士化对参与者产生了负面的心理社会影响,包括基于种族的社会排斥、行动受限、社会凝聚力和社区归属感降低、失去控制以及内化的责备。心理学家和其他健康专业人员必须认识到并进一步探讨绅士化对长期居住的黑人居民的心理社会和健康后果,并促进解决与这一研究不足的种族/族裔健康不平等驱动因素相关的压力的方案。