Society, Human Development, and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Kresge Building, Boston 02115, USA.
Ethn Health. 2012;17(1-2):111-33. doi: 10.1080/13557858.2012.654770. Epub 2012 Feb 16.
To explore levels of perceived racial and non-racial discrimination and their associations with self-esteem and mastery in the U.S.A. and South Africa.
We used ordinary least square regressions to test the cross-sectional associations between discrimination and psychological resources using two national probability samples of adults: the National Survey of American Life and the South African Stress and Health Study.
Levels of perceived racial discrimination were higher in the U.S.A. than in South Africa. In the U.S.A., both African-Americans and Caribbean blacks have comparable or higher levels of self-esteem and mastery than whites. In contrast, South African whites have higher levels of both self-esteem and mastery than Africans, Coloureds, and Indians. Perceived discrimination, especially chronic everyday discrimination, is inversely related to self-esteem and mastery in both societies. In South Africa, stress and socioeconomic status (SES) but not discrimination are important determinants of racial differences in self-esteem and mastery.
In two racialized societies, perceived discrimination acts independent of demographic factors, general stressors, social desirability bias, racial identity, and SES, to negatively affect the psychological resources of self-esteem and mastery.
探讨在美国和南非感知到的种族和非种族歧视的程度及其与自尊和掌控感的关联。
我们使用普通最小二乘法回归分析，检验了来自美国全国生活调查和南非压力与健康研究这两个全国性成年人概率样本中歧视与心理资源之间的横断面关联。
在美国，感知到的种族歧视程度比南非高。在美国，非裔美国人和加勒比黑人的自尊和掌控感水平与白人相当，甚至更高。相比之下，南非白人的自尊和掌控感水平均高于非洲人、有色人和印度人。在这两个社会中，感知到的歧视，尤其是慢性日常歧视，与自尊和掌控感呈负相关。在南非，压力和社会经济地位（SES）而非歧视是影响自尊和掌控感种族差异的重要决定因素。
在两个种族化的社会中，感知到的歧视独立于人口因素、一般压力源、社会期望偏差、种族认同和 SES，对自尊和掌控感等心理资源产生负面影响。
