Bernhard Jonathan C, Vunjak-Novakovic Gordana
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, VC12-234, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
Department of Medicine, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, VC12-234, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
Stem Cell Res Ther. 2016 Apr 18;7(1):56. doi: 10.1186/s13287-016-0314-3.
For a long time, cartilage has been a major focus of the whole field of tissue engineering, both because of the constantly growing need for more effective options for joint repair and the expectation that this apparently simple tissue will be easy to engineer. After several decades, cartilage regeneration has proven to be anything but easy. With gratifying progress in our understanding of the factors governing cartilage development and function, and cell therapy being successfully used for several decades, there is still a lot to do. We lack reliable methods to generate durable articular cartilage that would resemble the original tissue lost to injury or disease. The question posed here is whether the answer would come from the methods using cells, biomaterials, or tissue engineering. We present a concise review of some of the most meritorious efforts in each area, and propose that the solution will most likely emerge from the ongoing attempts to recapitulate certain aspects of native cartilage development. While an ideal recipe for cartilage regeneration is yet to be formulated, we believe that it will contain cell, biomaterial, and tissue engineering approaches, blended into an effective method for seamless repair of articular cartilage.
长期以来，软骨一直是整个组织工程领域的主要关注点，这既是因为对更有效的关节修复选择的需求不断增长，也是因为人们期望这种看似简单的组织易于进行工程化处理。几十年后，事实证明软骨再生绝非易事。尽管我们对软骨发育和功能的调控因素的理解取得了令人欣慰的进展，并且细胞疗法已经成功应用了几十年，但仍有许多工作要做。我们缺乏可靠的方法来生成与因损伤或疾病而丧失的原始组织相似的耐用关节软骨。这里提出的问题是，答案是否会来自使用细胞、生物材料或组织工程的方法。我们简要回顾了每个领域中一些最值得称赞的努力，并提出解决方案很可能来自于当前对模拟天然软骨发育某些方面的尝试。虽然尚未制定出理想的软骨再生方案，但我们相信它将包含细胞、生物材料和组织工程方法，并融合成一种有效的方法，用于无缝修复关节软骨。
