Department of Physical Rehabilitation Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020;1249:97-114. doi: 10.1007/978-981-15-3258-0_7.
Joint cartilage has been a significant focus on the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) since its inception in the 1980s. Represented by only one cell type, cartilage has been a simple tissue that is thought to be straightforward to deal with. After three decades, engineering cartilage has proven to be anything but easy. With the demographic shift in the distribution of world population towards ageing, it is expected that there is a growing need for more effective options for joint restoration and repair. Despite the increasing understanding of the factors governing cartilage development, there is still a lot to do to bridge the gap from bench to bedside. Dedicated methods to regenerate reliable articular cartilage that would be equivalent to the original tissue are still lacking. The use of cells, scaffolds and signalling factors has always been central to the TERM. However, without denying the importance of cells and signalling factors, the question posed in this chapter is whether the answer would come from the methods to use or not to use scaffold for cartilage TERM. This paper presents some efforts in TERM area and proposes a solution that will transpire from the ongoing attempts to understand certain aspects of cartilage development, degeneration and regeneration. While an ideal formulation for cartilage regeneration has yet to be resolved, it is felt that scaffold is still needed for cartilage TERM for years to come.
自 20 世纪 80 年代组织工程和再生医学（TERM）领域成立以来，关节软骨一直是该领域的重点研究对象。软骨仅由一种细胞类型组成，被认为是一种简单的组织，处理起来应该很简单。三十年后，工程软骨证明并非如此。随着世界人口分布向老龄化转移，预计对关节修复和重建的更有效选择的需求将不断增长。尽管人们对控制软骨发育的因素的理解不断加深，但要从实验室到临床仍有很多工作要做。仍然缺乏可靠的关节软骨再生方法，其与原始组织相当。细胞、支架和信号因子的使用一直是 TERM 的核心。然而，在不否认细胞和信号因子重要性的前提下，本章提出的问题是，答案是否来自于使用或不使用支架进行软骨 TERM 的方法。本文介绍了 TERM 领域的一些努力，并提出了一个解决方案，该方案将源于对软骨发育、退化和再生某些方面的持续理解的尝试。虽然软骨再生的理想配方尚未解决，但人们认为在未来几年，支架仍然是软骨 TERM 的需要。
