Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland, Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland.
Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland, Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016 Jun;137(6):1681-1696. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.02.010. Epub 2016 Apr 15.
This review highlights some of the advances in mechanisms of allergic disease, particularly anaphylaxis, including food allergy, drug hypersensitivity, atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic conjunctivitis, and airway diseases. During the last year, a mechanistic advance in food allergy was achieved by focusing on mechanisms of allergen sensitization. Novel biomarkers and treatment for mastocytosis were presented in several studies. Novel therapeutic approaches in the treatment of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis showed that promising supplementation of the infant's diet in the first year of life with immunoactive prebiotics might have a preventive role against early development of AD and that therapeutic approaches to treat AD in children might be best directed to the correction of a TH2/TH1 imbalance. Several studies were published emphasizing the role of the epithelial barrier in patients with allergic diseases. An impaired skin barrier as a cause for sensitization to food allergens in children and its relationship to filaggrin mutations has been an important development. Numerous studies presented new approaches for improvement of epithelial barrier function and novel biologicals used in the treatment of inflammatory skin and eosinophilic diseases. In addition, novel transcription factors and signaling molecules that can develop as new possible therapeutic targets have been reported.
这篇综述强调了过敏疾病（特别是过敏反应）机制方面的一些进展，包括食物过敏、药物过敏、特应性皮炎（AD）、过敏性结膜炎和气道疾病。在过去的一年中，通过关注过敏原致敏机制，在食物过敏方面取得了机制上的进展。在几项研究中，介绍了肥大细胞增多症的新型生物标志物和治疗方法。特应性皮炎和银屑病治疗的新方法表明，在生命的第一年中，给婴儿饮食中补充免疫活性益生菌可能具有预防 AD 早期发展的作用，而治疗儿童 AD 的方法可能最好针对纠正 TH2/TH1 失衡。有几项研究强调了上皮屏障在过敏疾病患者中的作用。受损的皮肤屏障是儿童对食物过敏原致敏的原因，其与丝聚蛋白突变有关，这是一个重要的进展。许多研究提出了改善上皮屏障功能的新方法，以及用于治疗炎症性皮肤和嗜酸性疾病的新型生物制剂。此外，还报告了可以开发为新的可能治疗靶点的新型转录因子和信号分子。
