Herman Eliot M, Schmidt Monica A
School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona Tucson, AZ, USA.
Front Plant Sci. 2016 Apr 5;7:440. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00440. eCollection 2016.
Aquaculture is the most rapidly growing segment of global animal production that now surpasses wild-capture fisheries production and is continuing to grow 10% annually. Sustainable aquaculture needs to diminish, and progressively eliminate, its dependence on fishmeal-sourced feed from over-harvested fisheries. Sustainable aquafeed sources will need to be primarily of plant-origin. Soybean is currently the primary global vegetable-origin protein source for aquaculture. Direct exchange of soybean meal for fishmeal in aquafeed has resulted in reduced growth rates due in part to soybean's anti-nutritional proteins. To produce soybeans for use in aquaculture feeds a new conventional line has been bred termed Triple Null by stacking null alleles for the feed-relevant proteins Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor, lectin, and P34 allergen. Triple Null is now being further enhanced as a platform to build additional transgene traits for vaccines, altered protein composition, and to produce high levels of β-carotene an intrinsic orange-colored aquafeed marker to distinguish the seeds from commodity beans and as the metabolic feedstock precursor of highly valued astaxanthin.
水产养殖是全球动物生产中增长最快的部分，现已超过野生捕捞渔业产量，并且正以每年10%的速度持续增长。可持续水产养殖需要减少并逐步消除对过度捕捞渔业来源的鱼粉饲料的依赖。可持续水产饲料来源将主要需要是植物源的。大豆是目前全球水产养殖的主要植物源蛋白质来源。在水产饲料中直接用豆粕替代鱼粉导致生长速度降低，部分原因是大豆中的抗营养蛋白。为了生产用于水产养殖饲料的大豆，通过叠加与饲料相关的蛋白质库尼茨胰蛋白酶抑制剂、凝集素和P34过敏原的无效等位基因，培育出了一种新的常规品系，称为三无效品系。三无效品系现在作为一个平台正在进一步得到强化，以构建用于疫苗、改变蛋白质组成的其他转基因性状，并生产高水平的β-胡萝卜素，β-胡萝卜素是一种内在的橙色水产饲料标记物，用于将种子与商品豆区分开来，并且作为高价值虾青素的代谢饲料原料前体。
